The 4th Dynasty Pyramids are an enduring technological enigma to most scholars. But there is in fact enough techno-archeological evidence that reveals not only the structure of these buildings, but also the building sequence and some of the key technologies that were used. One of them was the very precise placing of heavy blocks (up to 10 tons) with millimeter accuracy by lowering them into position. For the first time, our experiments shed light on the possibilities that this key technology offered to Cheops' scribe-engineers. It was a full-scale replica of Cheops' antechamber with its portcullis mechanism that enabled it. This publication provides text, films and photos intended to document this project as completely as possible.

The text has 3 parts and an annex and is also available in print:

Part 1 describes the making of the replica and provides major insights that we now have into this key technology. Understanding this part does not require in-depth technical knowledge, only basics.

Part 2 describes the testing process and measurements in detail. Solid technical knowledge is advised here.

Part 3 describes additional tests that demonstrate the inability of pulling a loaded rope over an unprotected log (part 3.1) and verify the effect of "corner friction" (part 3.2), which is vital for understanding this key technology. Again, solid technical knowledge is advised.

The annex provides the construction drawings for the replica. With them, and the recipe for the "granite concrete" given in table 1 of part 1, the replica can be recreated faithfully.

In addition, there are 3 slideshows presenting the assemblage of the replica with details of the measurement system, the various rope configurations and the damage and wear sustained by the replica after some testing.

There are also 3 films showing the smooth operation of the final mechanism as seen from the North entrance to the chamber, from the top and focusing on the "chain-like" controller. 2 more films show the ropes moving over unprotected logs: The damage to the logs and the noise are incredible even for small loads!