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Working paper
The First Informationexplosion
(2022-06-20)
The paper places punch card technology in the context of the office machine industry in Germany and discusses the exciting relationship between the two competitors on the market for punch card technology, Dehomag and Powers, in Germany. The question is whether the leading role of the United States in the use of office machines frequently cited by Anglo-American authors really applies. How punch card technology in Germany has advanced from its beginnings is discussed under the heading of rationalisation strategies. ...
Working paper
Nominal Science without Data
(2022-09-28)
Expanding upon literature on early digital computers, this paper shows the role mathematicians have undertaken in founding the academic fields of Game Theory and Operations Research, and details how they were supported by the mathematics departments of military agencies in branches of the US Armed Services. This paper claims that application is only decoration. Other than astronomy, physics and engineering, where experiments generate data analysed with the aid of models and appropriate software on computers, Game ...
Working paper
One Way Logistics in Freight Transport
(2022)
The European railroad companies founded the International Container Bureau in Paris in 1933. The Swiss company Hupac successfully developed container transport with transalpine freight transport by rail between Germany and Italy. In the 1930s, Europe and the U.S. had agreed on a common ISO standard for 20 foot containers and 40 foot containers, so that empty containers could be exchanged between the various shipping companies in the global supply chains. But this standard is not compatible with the metric system of ...