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Mathematical Models in the Description of Pregnane X Receptor (PXR)-Regulated Cytochrome P450 Enzyme Induction
(2018-06-15)
The pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a drug/xenobiotic-activated transcription factor of crucial importance for major cytochrome P450 xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes (CYP) expression and regulation in the liver and the intestine. One of the major target genes regulated by PXR is the cytochrome P450 enzyme (CYP3A4), which is the most important human drug-metabolizing enzyme. In addition, PXR is supposed to be involved both in basal and/or inducible expression of many other CYPs, such as CYP2B6, CYP2C8, 2C9 and 2C19, CYP3A5, ...
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Numerical Solution of Viscoelastic Fluid-Structure-Diffusion Systems with Applications in Ophthalmology
(2019-09-04)
The research of fluid-structure interaction problems is a continuously growing field, especially regarding applications in medicine and biology. We present the coupling of a potentially viscoelastic fluid with multiple hyperelastic structures incorporating chemical processes in the arbitrary Lagrangian Eulerian framework. This monolithic formulation allows a robust numerical solution with Newton's method. The discretization is based on the backward Euler scheme for temporal discretization and the Galerkin finite ...
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Three-Dimensional Gradients of Cytokine Signaling between T Cells
(2015-04-29)
Immune responses are regulated by diffusible mediators, the cytokines, which act at sub-nanomolar concentrations. The spatial range of cytokine communication is a crucial, yet poorly understood, functional property. Both containment of cytokine action in narrow junctions between immune cells (immunological synapses) and global signaling throughout entire lymph nodes have been proposed, but the conditions under which they might occur are not clear. Here we analyze spatially three-dimensional reaction-diffusion models ...
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Lenticular Imaging: A New Experimental and Quantitative Analysis of Capsular Dynamics, “Choi-Apple View”
(2019-05)
Purpose: Development of a means for quantitative estimation of lenticular and zonular dynamics by using real-time imaging of human autopsy eyes during implantation of different intraocular lens (IOL) models.
Methods: Isolated lenticular structures from human autopsy eyes were prepared in vitro. The following IOLs were implanted: a one-piece C-loop haptic IOL, a three-piece C-loop haptic IOL, and a one-piece plate-type IOL. The amount of deformation of lenticular structures during implantation was calculated and ...
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PDE/ODE modeling and simulation to determine the role of diffusion in long-term and -range cellular signaling
(2015-10-14)
Background
We study the relevance of diffusion for the dynamics of signaling pathways. Mathematical modeling of cellular diffusion leads to a coupled system of differential equations with Robin boundary conditions which requires a substantial knowledge in mathematical theory. Using our new developed analytical and numerical techniques together with modern experiments, we analyze and quantify various types of diffusive effects in intra- and inter-cellular signaling. The complexity of these models necessitates suitable ...