The global urban population is expected to reach 5.2 billion by 2030 and by mid-2023 approximately 4.6 billion out of more than 8 billion population were living in towns or cities. This represents approximately 57% of the total global population and is set to reach 60% by 2030. India’s urban population is expected to reach 607 million by 2030 and by mid-2030 40% of the total population will be living in urban areas. Growing urban population has multi-sectoral and dimensional implications in the rural, peri-urban, and ...

The use of biochar as an additive in anaerobic digestion (AD) is a potential pathway to enhance AD while promoting biomass-to-biochar value chain within a circular bioeconomy. Biochar, a novel biomaterial, serves for managing residual biomass following the cascading use principle, prioritizing material use over sole energy generation. AD, as a well-established method for biogas production and organic substance management, plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. Therefore, this thesis investigated the ...

Human-induced climate change already impacts agriculture and food security, with varying impacts on regions, communities and individuals. There is an urgent need to increase agricultural resilience to ensure food security for a growing world population under humaninduced climate change. Climate data is a necessary resource not only to better understand climate impacts but also to manage and minimise current and future negative climate impacts on agriculture. However, there are large uncertainties in observations of ...

In Pakistan, the dairy sector represents a significant part of agricultural production and is an important source of income, especially for small farmers. Yogurt production at the farm level is important for adding value to the milk. In this study, a solar-assisted yogurt processing unit capable of performing three processes of heating, fermentation, and cooling in a single unit was developed. It consisted of a circular chamber surrounded by a coil for heating by a solar vacuum tube collector and a pillow plate for ...