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Laser welding of grey cast iron with spheroidal graphite-influence of process parameters on crack formationand hardness
(2021-03-24)
In the investigation at hand, sheets of ferritic and pearlitic grey cast iron with spheroidalgraphite are welded using a fiber-laser. The influence of varying laser power and welding speed onthe macroscopic characteristics of the weld seam and crack formation are analyzed and discussed.Substantial crack formation with crack densities of up to2.93 cm−1are found. Furthermore, hardnessmeasurements are conducted to evaluate the formation of brittle phases within the weld metaland heat-affected zone. Peak hardness values ...
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Mitigating pro-poor housing failures: Access theory and the politics of urban governance
(2021-06-25)
Looking at evolving urban governance and planning practices in the city of Lahore, Pakistan, the article aims to understand—from an Evolutionary Governance Theory perspective—to what extent these practices steer paths and modes of service provision and housing for low-income residents. With a focus on the endurance and transformations of urban governance practices and institutions, we first explore the influence of the changing development discourse and the impact it has had on the (re)configuration of urban governance ...
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Iterative feature detection of a coded checkerboard target for the geometric calibration of infrared cameras
(2021-08-11)
The geometric calibration of cameras becomes necessary when images should be undistorted, geometric image information is needed or data from more than one camera have to be fused. This process is often done using a target with a checkerboard or circular pattern and a given geometry. In this work, a coded checkerboard target for thermal imaging cameras and the corresponding image processing algorithm for iterative feature detection are presented. It is shown that, due in particular to the resulting better feature ...
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The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein is vulnerable to moderate electric fields
(2021-09-13)
Most of the ongoing projects aimed at the development of specific therapies and vaccines against COVID-19 use the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein as the main target. The binding of the spike protein with the ACE2 receptor (ACE2) of the host cell constitutes the first and key step for virus entry. During this process, the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the S protein plays an essential role, since it contains the receptor binding motif (RBM), responsible for the docking to the receptor. So far, mostly biochemical methods ...
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Site-specific interrogation of an ionic chiral fragment during photolysis using an X-ray free-electron laser
(2021-08-12)
Short-wavelength free-electron lasers with their ultrashort pulses at high intensities have originated new approaches for tracking molecular dynamics from the vista of specific sites. X-ray pump X-ray probe schemes even allow to address individual atomic constituents with a ‘trigger’-event that preludes the subsequent molecular dynamics while being able to selectively probe the evolving structure with a time-delayed second X-ray pulse. Here, we use a linearly polarized X-ray photon to trigger the photolysis of a ...
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Efficiency and agility of a liquid CO2 cooling system for molten metal systems
(2021-09-24)
In this study investigations on the efficiency and agility of a liquid CO2 cooling system, using expansion bores fed with liquid CO2 by capillary tubes, to form a thermal seal in a magnesium hot runner channel are performed in a test rig. Via temperature measurements the performance of different sets of cooling parameters is tested and cooling rates are identified depended on a varying nozzle geometry. To validate the measurements, the tests are modelled in a thermal simulation study. The applicability of the liquid ...
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Annual industrial and commercial heat load profiles: modeling based on k-Means clustering and regression analysis
(2021-05-20)
An accurate method to predict annual heat load profiles is fundamental to many studies, e.g., preliminary design or potential studies on renewable heating systems. This study presents a method to predict annual heat load profiles with a daily resolution for industry and commerce, based on an analysis of 797 natural gas load profiles (≥1.5 GWh/a). To derive heat load profiles, these natural gas load profiles are normalized and those with a potentially non-linear relationship between heat demand and natural gas consumption ...
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Casimir-Polder interaction of neutrons with metal or dielectic surfaces
(2021-07-15)
We predict a repulsive Casimir–Polder-type dispersion interaction between a single neutron and a metal or dielectric surface. We consider a scenario where a single neutron is subject to an external magnetic field. Due to its intrinsic magnetic moment, the neutron then forms a magnetisable two-level system which can exchange virtual photons with a nearby surface. The resulting dispersion interaction between a purely magnetic object (neutron) and a purely electric one (surface) is found to be repulsive, in contrast to ...
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Mineralization of Phosphorylated Fish Skin Collagen/Mangosteen Scaffolds as Potential Materials for Bone Tissue Regeneration
(2021-05-13)
In this study, a potential hard tissue substitute was mimicked using collagen/mangosteen porous scaffolds. Collagen was extracted from Tilapia fish skin and mangosteen from the waste peel of the respective fruit. Sodium trimetaphosphate was used for the phosphorylation of these scaffolds to improve the nucleation sites for the mineralization process. Phosphate groups were incorporated in the collagen structure as confirmed by their attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) bands. The phosphorylation ...
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Explaining Chinese consumers’ green food purchase intentions during the COVID-19 pandemic: an extended theory of planned behaviour
(2021-05-26)
The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has strongly influenced consumers’ habits and behaviours, creating a more sustainable and healthier era of consumption. Hence, there is a potential for further expanding the green food sector in China. The theory of planned behaviour (TPB) is one widely used framework to explain consumers’ food choices. Considering consumers’ internal norms, their perceptions of green food attributes, and the shifting consumer behaviour, our study has extended the TPB framework (E-TPB) by adding ...