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Fluoropyrimidines trigger decay of hypomodified tRNA in yeast
(2024-06-10)
Therapeutic fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) are in long use for treatment of human cancers and severe invasive fungal infections, respectively. 5-Fluorouridine triphosphate represents a bioactive metabolite of both drugs and is incorporated into target cells’ RNA. Here we use the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to define fluorinated tRNA as a key mediator of 5-FU and 5-FC cytotoxicity when specific tRNA methylations are absent. tRNA methylation deficiency caused by loss of ...
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Optimal photoelectron circular dichroism of a model chiral system
(2024-06-03)
We optimize the internuclear geometry and electronic structure of a model chiral system to achieve a maximal photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) in its one-photon ionization by circularly polarized light. The electronic structure calculations are performed by the single center method, while the optimization is done using quantum alchemy employing a Taylor series expansion. Thereby, the effect of bond lengths and uncompensated charge distributions on the chiral response of the model is investigated theoretically ...
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Improving acid-stressed anaerobic digestion processes with biochar towards a combined biomass and carbon management system
(2024-03-06)
Interest in biochar as an additive to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) has grown in the context of biomass cascading use and the 2050 net-zero goal. However, few studies have investigated the effects of biochar on AD from a biochar production perspective, including biomass feedstocks and pyrolysis temperatures. To valorise biomass and better understand the mechanisms and environmental implications of using biochar in AD, this study investigated the effects of distinct biochar types on AD under acid stress-induced ...
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Personal communication as a strategy to improve the quality of household organic waste – Does it work? results from a quasi-experimental study in Northern Hesse, Germany
(2024-04-22)
Household organic waste has great potential for closing nutrient cycles in agriculture. This requires proper waste separation by households. Personal communication at the doorstep potentially improves household waste separation behaviour but it is expensive and findings from existing research are mixed. Based on results of previous studies and from a quasi-experiment with non-equivalent groups design in two German municipalities, this paper argues that efficiency of personal communication depends on its context. It ...
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Integration and evaluation of the high-precision MotionCam-3D into a 3D thermography system
(2024-06-04)
Infrared thermal imaging enables fast, accurate and non-contact measurement of temperature distributions. However, 2D representations of 3D objects often require several images to provide significant information. For such cases, 3D thermograms allow a quick temporal and spatial analysis. In this paper, the integration of an industrial high-precision 3D sensor into a 3D thermography system is presented. The performances of the existing and new systems are assessed and compared by analyzing 3D thermograms of an ...
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Weisfeiler-Lehman goes dynamic: An analysis of the expressive power of Graph Neural Networks for attributed and dynamic graphs
(2024-02-28)
Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are a large class of relational models for graph processing. Recent theoretical studies on the expressive power of GNNs have focused on two issues. On the one hand, it has been proven that GNNs are as powerful as the Weisfeiler–Lehman test (1-WL) in their ability to distinguish graphs. Moreover, it has been shown that the equivalence enforced by 1-WL equals unfolding equivalence. On the other hand, GNNs turned out to be universal approximators on graphs modulo the constraints enforced by ...
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Recovered memories in psychotherapy: a survey of practicing psychotherapists in Germany
(2024-01-29)
We report on a survey of 258 psychotherapists from Germany, focusing on their experiences with memory recovery in general, suggestive therapy procedures, evaluations of recovered memories, and memory recovery in training and guidelines. Most therapists (78%) reported instances of memory recovery encompassing negative and positive childhood experiences, but usually in a minority of patients. Also, most therapists (82%) reported to have held assumptions about unremembered trauma. Patients who held these beliefs were ...
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Task-Level Checkpointing and Localized Recovery to Tolerate Permanent Node Failures for Nested Fork–Join Programs in Clusters
(2024-03-13)
Exascale supercomputers consist of millions of processing units, and this number is still growing. Therefore, hardware failures, such as permanent node failures, become increasingly frequent. They can be tolerated with system-level Checkpoint/Restart, which saves the whole application state transparently and, if needed, restarts the application from the saved state; or with application-level checkpointing, which saves only relevant data via explicit calls in the program. The former approach requires no additional ...
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Universitäten und Hochschulen zwischen Beharrung und Reform
(Verlag Julius Klinkhardt, 2024-03)
Die Geschichte der Universitäten und Hochschulen ist seit dem Mittelalter durch ein so spannungsgeladenes wie fruchtbares Wechselspiel von Beharrung und Reform gekennzeichnet.
Dass diese ältesten Einrichtungen organisierter Wissensvermittlung bis heute existieren, hat mit ihrer Fähigkeit zu tun, die stets konkurrierenden konservativen und progressiven Elemente ihres Bildungsauftrags in der Regel gut ausbalancieren zu können.
Die im Band versammelten Beiträge untersuchen epochenübergreifend in bildungshistorischer ...
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Examining the glottal stop as a mark of gender-inclusive language German
(2024-02-02)
Grammatical gender form influences readers’ mental gender representations. Previous research demonstrates that the generic masculine form leads to male-biased representations, while some alternative forms lead to female-biased representations. The present research examines the recently introduced glottal stop form in spoken language in German, where a glottal stop (similar to a short pause), meant to represent all gender identities, is inserted before the gender-specific ending. In two experiments (total N = 1188), ...