It has often been shown that tests as intentionally hindered and difficult learning tasks increase long-term learning compared to easier tasks. Previous work additionally indicated that higher intelligence might serve as a prerequisite for such beneficial effects of tests. Nevertheless, despite their long-term learning effects, tests were also found to be evaluated as more negative and to lead to more stress and anxiety compared to easier control tasks. Stress and anxiety, in turn, often yield detrimental effects on ...

Subject-method barriers and cognitive load (CL) of students have a particular importance in the complex learning process of scientific inquiry. In this work, we investigate the valid measurement of CL as well as different scaffolds to reduce it during experimentation. Specifically, we examine the validity of a subjective measurement instrument to assess CL [in extraneous cognitive load (ECL), intrinsic cognitive load, and germane cognitive load (GCL)] during the use of multimedia scaffolds in the planning phase of ...

Based on the model of ambidextrous leadership, we investigated the impact of flexible adaptation of leader behavior, that is, opening and closing leader behaviors, on innovative performance in a laboratory experiment. Leader behaviors were manipulated with confederates attending to one participant showing either no leadership, a sequential, or a flexible application of opening and closing leader behaviors. We hypothesized that flexible adaptation leads to better innovation performance. N = 93 participants took part ...

Es wird ein aus der Psychotherapieforschung stammendes, an Coaching adaptiertes Ratingmanual zur Messung interpersoneller Fähigkeiten vorgestellt. Es wurden Ratings für 18 Audioaufnahmen von dyadischen Coachingsitzungen von neun Coaches-in-Weiterbildung erstellt, die zu Beginn der Weiterbildung und ein Jahr später durchgeführt wurden. Das interpersonelle Verhalten und die Entwicklung der Kompetenzen von zwei Coaches-in-Weiterbildung werden exemplarisch dargestellt. Die Autorinnen ziehen das Fazit, dass sich das ...

Zahlreiche Unternehmensfusionen in Deutschland scheitern oder bleiben weit hinter den Erwartungen zurück. Besondere Bedeutung für das Gelingen von Fusionen hat die Gestaltung der Post-Merger-Integration, also die Phase des Zusammenführens der beiden vormals selbstständigen Unternehmen. Das von Amy C. Edmondson entwickelte Konzept der psychologischen Sicherheit könnte hierfür eine wichtige Funktion zur Orientierung und Handlungsleitung erhalten. Die erste Auswertung von Ergebnissen einer qualitativen Befragung von ...

Klassische psychoanalytische Deutungen stießen in den letzten Jahren vermehrt auf Kritik: Demnach würden diese Deutungen der therapeutischen Beziehung schaden, Blockaden auslösen und mit einer problematischen therapeutischen Haltung einhergehen. Anhand der Tonbandaufnahmen von 35 psychoanalytischen Sitzungen im mittleren Behandlungsverlauf, die im Rahmen der Münchner Psychotherapiestudie aufgezeichnet wurden, wurden 23 klassische Deutungen in 16 Sitzungen identifiziert und die Reaktionen der Patientinnen und Patienten ...

Acting as a reviewer is considered a substantial part of the role-bundle of the academic profession (quality assurance (QA) and quality enhancement (QE) role). Research literature about peer review, for example, for journals and grants, shows that acting as a peer reviewer adds to an academic’s reputation. However, little is known about academics’ motivation to act as reviewers. Based on self-determination theory, the multidimensional work motivation scale (Gagné et al. 2015) is used for a survey of German professors ...

The Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP) is an empirical-based classification of psychopathology. Detachment is one of the six spectra in the current HiTOP working model. The aim of this study was to develop preliminary scales for the HiTOP Detachment spectrum that can be used in the next phase of developing a comprehensive measure of HiTOP. We had 456 participants from MTurk (Sample 1) and 266 university students (Sample 2) complete an online survey including a pool of 247 Detachment items assessing 15 ...

In the 2018 meta-analysis of Educational Psychology Review entitled “Null effects of perceptual disfluency on learning outcomes in a text-based educational context” by Xie, Zhou, and Liu, we identify some errors and inconsistencies in both the methodological approach and the reported results regarding coding and effect sizes. While from a technical point of view the meta-analysis aligns with current meta-analytical guidelines (e.g., PRISMA) and conforms to general meta-analytical requirements (e.g., considering ...