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Influence of complex geometries on the properties of laser-hardened surfaces
(2020-04-25)
Laser surface hardening provides for many advantages in terms of flexible production due to very localized and controlled energy input into the material. Laser processing offers the possibility to treat surfaces in order to locally strengthen the areas that are prone to fatigue cracking. It is well known that laser energy absorption depends on many parameters, e.g., the surface structure and the surface orientation. The incident angle of the laser beam plays a key role in this regard. When complex geometries like ...
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Consequences of Deep Rolling at Elevated Temperature on Near-Surface and Fatigue Properties of High-Manganese TWIP Steel X40MnCrAl19-2
(2021-11-05)
Due to pronounced work-hardening induced by the complex interplay of deformation mechanisms such as dislocation slip, twinning and/or martensitic phase transformation, high-manganese steels represent a class of materials well-suited for mechanical surface treatment. In the present study, the fatigue behavior of a high-mangsanese steel showing twinning-induced plasticity (TWIP) effect at room temperature (RT) was investigated after deep rolling at 550 °C. Results are compared to a former study discussing the behavior ...
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Excellent superelasticity in a Co-Ni-Ga high-temperature shape memory alloy processed by directed energy deposition
(2020-04-30)
A Co-Ni-Ga high-temperature shape memory alloy has been additively manufactured by directed energy deposition. Due to the highly anisotropic microstructure, i.e. columnar grains featuring a strong near-⟨001⟩ texture in build direction, the as-built material is characterized by a very low degree of constraints and, thus, shows excellent superelasticity without conducting a post-process heat treatment. As characterized by in situ deformation testing and post-mortem microstructural analysis, additive manufacturing ...
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Novel Class of Rhenium Borides Based on Hexagonal Boron Networks Interconnected by Short B₂ Dumbbells
(2022-09-06)
Transition metal borides are known due to their attractive mechanical, electronic, refractive, and other properties. A new class of rhenium borides was identified by synchrotron single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiments in laser-heated diamond anvil cells between 26 and 75 GPa. Recoverable to ambient conditions, compounds rhenium triboride (ReB₃) and rhenium tetraboride (ReB₄) consist of close-packed single layers of rhenium atoms alternating with boron networks built from puckered hexagonal layers, which link ...
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A new method for microscale cyclic crack growth characterization from notched microcantilevers and application to single crystalline tungsten and a metallic glass
(2022-06-22)
The lifetime of most metals is limited by cyclic loads, ending in fatigue failure. The progressive growth of cracks ends up in catastrophic failure. An advanced method is presented for the determination of cyclic crack growth on the microscale using a nanoindenter, which allows the characterization of > 10,000 loading cycles. It uses focused ion beam fabricated notched microcantilevers. The method has been validated by cyclic bending metallic glass and tungsten microcantilevers. The experiments reveal a stable crack ...
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Comparison of linear discriminant analysis, support vector machine and artificial neural network in classifying Nigerian local turkeys based on plumage colours using biometric traits
(2022-10-18)
The ability of linear discriminant analysis (LDA), support vector machine (SVM), and artificial neural network (ANN) models to differentiate biometric traits of Nigerian local turkeys was investigated in this study. The biometric traits (bodyweight, body length, breast girth, thigh length, shank length, keel length, wing length, and wingspan) in 200 (20-week-old) turkeys were measured. Seventy percent of the datasets were used to train the three models, with the remaining 30% being used to test their performance. All ...
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Use of corncob biochar and urea for pakchoi (Brassica rapa L.) cultivation: Short-term impact of pyrolysis temperature and fertiliser dose on plant growth and yield
(2022-10-18)
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of pyrolysis temperature of corncob biochar as a soil amendment and urea fertiliser on the growth and yield of pakchoi. Pakchoi was cultivated in pots
(13 cm height, 19 cm upper diameter, and 13.5 cm bottom diameter). Two factors including pyrolysis temperature of biochar and urea dose were combined with four levels each. Pyrolysis temperature factor consisted of B0 (no biochar), B1 (250 °C), B2 (300 °C), and B3 (350 °C). Urea dose consisted of F0 (no urea), F1 (0.6 g pot-¹), ...
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Agripreneurial drive among women shea butter processors in Kwara State, Nigeria: the motivating factors and efficiency
(2022-10-12)
This study examined agricultural entrepreneurship among women shea butter processors in Kwara State Nigeria. It assessed their motivation factors, level of efficiencies, determinants of output and challenges faced in the entrepreneurial drive by the women. Primary data, collected using a semi-structured questionnaire, were collected from randomly selected 120 shea butter women processors. The data obtained were analysed with descriptive statistics, index ranking and the stochastic frontier function. The results showed ...
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Taste masking in vegan food processing with natural substitutes
(2022-12-29)
Climate change, sustainability issues, increased risks of meat diet on both ecology and human health cause changes in the eating habits of individuals. Plant-based foods supply protein sources with health-promoting compounds. The bitterness of plant-based foods is a challenge for both food manufacturers and consumers. So far, artificial taste blockers, salt, sugar, and fat have been applied to mask the bitterness of plant-based products. However, people are conscious of "clean labelling " and "natural " ingredients ...
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The potential of cabbage waste extract as a bio-stimulant for enhancing growth, biochemical constituents, and oil quality of thyme (Thymus vulgaris)
(2022-12-29)
Thyme (Thymus vulgaris L.) is an important cultural aromatic plant, whose herb and essential oils (EOs) have been used in many industrial and medicinal applications. Herb and EO yields are often negatively influenced by various factors, so it is important to keep finding new growing procedures that increase the quantitative content of herbs and EOs. Therefore, this paper is focused on the effects of applying cabbage extract (CE) at different concentrations on morphological parameters, mineral contents, total ...