Deep Drilling for Groundwater in Bengaluru, India: A Case Study on the City’s Over-Exploited Hard-Rock Aquifer System

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dc.date.accessioned2024-11-04T09:43:28Z
dc.date.available2024-11-04T09:43:28Z
dc.date.issued2021-11-03
dc.description.sponsorshipFinancing from the Research Unit FOR2432 “Social-Ecological Systems in the Indian Rural-Urban Interface: Functions, Scales, and Dynamics of Transition” funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG, grant number 279374797) is gratefully acknowledged. This project was also supported by the Graduate Program BangaDyn: Rural-urban Dynamics in Bengaluru, funded by University of Kassel.ger
dc.identifierdoi:10.17170/kobra-2024103111049
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/16135
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.doidoi:10.3390/su132112149
dc.relation.projectidgrant number 279374797
dc.rightsNamensnennung 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectgroundwater monitoringeng
dc.subjectBengalurueng
dc.subjecthard-rock aquiferseng
dc.subjectenvironmental isotopeseng
dc.subjectIndiaeng
dc.subject.ddc500
dc.subject.ddc600
dc.subject.swdIndienger
dc.subject.swdBangaloreger
dc.subject.swdGrundwasserüberwachungger
dc.subject.swdGrundwasserleiterger
dc.subject.swdIsotopger
dc.subject.swdNachhaltigkeitger
dc.subject.swdGrundwasserentnahmeger
dc.subject.swdBrunnenger
dc.titleDeep Drilling for Groundwater in Bengaluru, India: A Case Study on the City’s Over-Exploited Hard-Rock Aquifer Systemeng
dc.typeAufsatz
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dcterms.abstractOver-exploitation of groundwater in India’s fastest-growing metropolis, Bengaluru, has resulted in wells being bored to unprecedented depths in a crystalline-rock aquifer. However, key questions about sustainability of this extraction process remain unaddressed due to the complexity of monitoring. Using primary surveys, this study looks at the spatio-temporal evolution of the wells on a city scale, finding that catchments with deficient water infrastructure have deeper wells. To maintain yields, well with depths >400 m are drilled, especially since 2000, leading to unsustainable groundwater extraction. Camera inspections in 54 wells at Electronic City in 2016 and 2017 revealed that water levels in the majority of the wells remained lower at depths <100 m, although some wells had deeper water levels at depths >250 m. Analysis of δ18O and δ2H signatures of groundwater samples at all depths followed the local meteoric water line indicating recent recharge, implying that drilling deeper only increases the borehole volume and does not tap into newer water sources. Water levels in deeper wells may stabilize at lower depths, are subject to high spatial variability, density of drilling, and high connectivity in upper zones. Given the interconnectedness between shallow and deeper aquifers, our research shows that increasing borewell depths could be a good indicator for falling aquifer water levels. This study fills an important gap in peri-urban, intermediate-scale aquifer conceptualizations across different land uses and provides further evidence for the difficulties of reliable groundwater monitoring in the over-exploited hard-rock aquifers of Bengaluru city.eng
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
dcterms.creatorKulkarni, Tejas
dcterms.creatorGaßmann, Matthias
dcterms.creatorKulkarni, C. M.
dcterms.creatorKhed, Vijayalaxmi
dcterms.creatorBürkert, Andreas
dcterms.source.articlenumber12149
dcterms.source.identifiereissn:2071-1050
dcterms.source.issueIssue 21
dcterms.source.journalSustainabilityeng
dcterms.source.volumeVolume 13
kup.iskupfalse

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