Is the Mafia a State Apparatus?

Starting from the relations of production, this paper examines the role of mafia for the preservation of social power and class relations in Sicily. To this end, the concept of the informal state apparatus is introduced. Following the approach of Critical Grounded Theory, this paper proposes to fill explanatory gaps in conventional mafia research by means of Nicos Poulantzas’ historical materialist state theory. In-depth field research confirms the systematic generation of irregularity through conditions in which it is made almost impossible for many to obtain a regular residence permit and/or regular work. As the analysis shows, mafia adopts a complex role as an informal state apparatus: on the one hand, it functions as a scapegoat. On the other hand, it cushions conflicts and contradictions within the capitalist state. By examining mafia as an informal state apparatus, the dysfunctionality of migration management in the Mezzogiorno can be understood as an expression of statehood, rather than the absence of it.