Physicochemical Investigation of Rainfall for Managed Aquifer Recharge in Punjab (Pakistan)

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dc.date.accessioned2022-08-08T10:56:43Z
dc.date.available2022-08-08T10:56:43Z
dc.date.issued2022-07-07
dc.description.sponsorshipGefördert durch den Publikationsfonds der Universität Kassel
dc.identifierdoi:10.17170/kobra-202208086587
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/123456789/14033
dc.language.isoeng
dc.relation.doidoi:10.3390/w14142155
dc.rightsNamensnennung 4.0 International*
dc.rights.urihttp://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/*
dc.subjectrainwater harvestingeng
dc.subjectgroundwater rechargeeng
dc.subjectLahoreeng
dc.subjectPakistaneng
dc.subject.ddc630
dc.subject.swdRegenwasserger
dc.subject.swdPunjab (Indien)ger
dc.subject.swdPunjab (Pakistan)ger
dc.subject.swdBewässerungswirtschaftger
dc.subject.swdWasserstoffionenkonzentrationger
dc.subject.swdGrundwasserger
dc.subject.swdSüßwasserger
dc.subject.swdWassergewinnungger
dc.subject.swdPakistanger
dc.titlePhysicochemical Investigation of Rainfall for Managed Aquifer Recharge in Punjab (Pakistan)eng
dc.typeAufsatz
dc.type.versionpublishedVersion
dcterms.abstractIn a water-scarce country such as Pakistan, rainfall is the third-largest source of freshwater. In most of the urban cities of the country, rainwater is mixed with sewerage and is rendered useless for managed aquifer recharge purposes. Therefore, this study investigates the rainfall potential for managed aquifer recharge in Lahore (Pakistan). The present research was designed and conducted by the Irrigation Research Institute (IRI). Three different sites were selected for rainwater sample collection across the study area (Lahore), ranging from urban to rural areas. The rainwater samples were collected and divided into three categories (direct capture, rooftop runoff, street runoff). For longer rainfall events, the effect of time on the quality of the collected rainwater samples was also studied. Spatiotemporal trends of turbidity, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, carbonates, bicarbonates, chloride, calcium, magnesium, and hardness in the collected rainwater samples were investigated. In terms of TDS, results indicated that directly captured rainwater is most suitable for managed aquifer recharge (TDS < 50 ppm), followed by rooftop runoff (TDS < 100 ppm). In addition, the quality of rainwater samples collected at the rural site was comparatively better. Moreover, the quality of rainwater samples improved after the initial ten minutes. All in all, this study concludes that direct capture of rainwater is the most suitable option for managed aquifer recharge.eng
dcterms.accessRightsopen access
dcterms.creatorZakir-Hassan, Ghulam
dcterms.creatorPunthakey, Jehangir F.
dcterms.creatorShabir, Ghulam
dcterms.creatorYasmeen, Fozia
dcterms.creatorSultan, Muhammad
dcterms.creatorAshraf, Hadeed
dcterms.creatorIhsanullah, Sohoo
dcterms.creatorMajeed, Faizan
dcterms.source.articlenumber2155
dcterms.source.identifiereissn:2073-4441
dcterms.source.issueIssue 14
dcterms.source.journalWatereng
dcterms.source.volumeVolume 14
kup.iskupfalse

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