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Datum
2021-04-17Autor
Ludwig, BernardSong, XiaonaGunina, AnnaGreenberg, IsabelDippold, Michaela AnnaPiepho, Hans-PeterSchlagwort
540 Chemie 570 Biowissenschaften, Biologie PflanzenkohleExperimentelle VersuchsforschungVariabilitätStichprobenplanSchlufflehmMetadata
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Aufsatz
Importance of sources of variability, scales and experimental design: A case study about the effects of biochar and slurry application on soil properties in agricultural silty loam soils
Zusammenfassung
In designed experiments, different sources of variability and an adequate scale of measurement need to be considered, but not all approaches in common usage are equally valid. In order to elucidate the importance of sources of variability and choice of scale, we conducted an experiment where the effects of biochar and slurry applications on soil properties related to soil fertility were studied for different designs: (a) for a field-scale sampling design with either a model soil (without natural variability) as an internal control or with composited soils, (b) for a design with a focus on amendment variabilities, and (c) for three individual field-scale designs with true field replication and a combined analysis representative of the population of loess-derived soils. Three silty loam sites in Germany were sampled and the soil macroaggregates were crushed. For each design, six treatments (0, 0.15 and 0.30 g slurry-N kg−1 with and without 30 g biochar kg−1) were applied before incubating the units under constant soil moisture conditions for 78 days. CO2 fluxes were monitored and soils were analysed for macroaggregate yields and associated organic carbon (C). Mixed-effects models were used to describe the effects. For all soil properties, results for the loess sites differed with respect to significant contributions of fixed effects for at least one site, suggesting the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils to be made and showed that site:slurry:biochar and site:slurry interactions were not negligible for macroaggregate yields. The use of a model soil as an internal control enabled observation of variabilities other than those related to soils or amendments. Experiments incorporating natural variability in soils or amendments resulted in partially different outcomes, indicating the need to include all important sources of variability.
Highlights
- Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed-effects models were used to describe the effects.
- Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities.
- The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites.
- Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils.
- The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability.
Highlights
- Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed-effects models were used to describe the effects.
- Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities.
- The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites.
- Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils.
- The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability.
Zitierform
In: European Journal of Soil Science (EJSS) Volume 72 / Issue 5 (2021-04-17) , S. 1954-1968 ; eissn:1365-2389Förderhinweis
Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEALZitieren
@article{doi:10.17170/kobra-202109024692,
author={Ludwig, Bernard and Song, Xiaona and Gunina, Anna and Greenberg, Isabel and Dippold, Michaela Anna and Piepho, Hans-Peter},
title={Importance of sources of variability, scales and experimental design: A case study about the effects of biochar and slurry application on soil properties in agricultural silty loam soils},
journal={European Journal of Soil Science (EJSS)},
year={2021}
}
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2021-09-13T13:30:53Z 2021-09-13T13:30:53Z 2021-04-17 doi:10.17170/kobra-202109024692 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/13240 Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL eng Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ aggregates biochar experimental design field scale generalization naturally-occurring variability random intercept model sampling design slurry 540 570 Importance of sources of variability, scales and experimental design: A case study about the effects of biochar and slurry application on soil properties in agricultural silty loam soils Aufsatz In designed experiments, different sources of variability and an adequate scale of measurement need to be considered, but not all approaches in common usage are equally valid. In order to elucidate the importance of sources of variability and choice of scale, we conducted an experiment where the effects of biochar and slurry applications on soil properties related to soil fertility were studied for different designs: (a) for a field-scale sampling design with either a model soil (without natural variability) as an internal control or with composited soils, (b) for a design with a focus on amendment variabilities, and (c) for three individual field-scale designs with true field replication and a combined analysis representative of the population of loess-derived soils. Three silty loam sites in Germany were sampled and the soil macroaggregates were crushed. For each design, six treatments (0, 0.15 and 0.30 g slurry-N kg−1 with and without 30 g biochar kg−1) were applied before incubating the units under constant soil moisture conditions for 78 days. CO2 fluxes were monitored and soils were analysed for macroaggregate yields and associated organic carbon (C). Mixed-effects models were used to describe the effects. For all soil properties, results for the loess sites differed with respect to significant contributions of fixed effects for at least one site, suggesting the need for a general inclusion of different sites. Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils to be made and showed that site:slurry:biochar and site:slurry interactions were not negligible for macroaggregate yields. The use of a model soil as an internal control enabled observation of variabilities other than those related to soils or amendments. Experiments incorporating natural variability in soils or amendments resulted in partially different outcomes, indicating the need to include all important sources of variability. Highlights - Effects of biochar and slurry applications were studied for different designs and mixed-effects models were used to describe the effects. - Including an internal control allowed observation of, e.g., methodological and analytical variabilities. - The results suggested the need for a general inclusion of different sites. - Analysis using a multilevel model allowed generalizations for loess soils. - The results indicated the need to include all important sources of variability. open access Ludwig, Bernard Song, Xiaona Gunina, Anna Greenberg, Isabel Dippold, Michaela Anna Piepho, Hans-Peter doi:10.1111/ejss.13120 Pflanzenkohle Experimentelle Versuchsforschung Variabilität Stichprobenplan Schlufflehm publishedVersion eissn:1365-2389 Issue 5 European Journal of Soil Science (EJSS) 1954-1968 Volume 72 false
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