Date
2024-06-10Author
Alam, Md ShahinMullakkalparambil Velayudhan, SilpaBateki, Christian AdjogoMalik, Pradeep KumarBhatta, RaghavendraBürkert, AndreasKönig, SvenSchlecht, EvaSubject
500 Science 630 Agriculture IndienMegastadtMilchKontaminationSchwermetallGesundheitsgefährdungFuttermittelMetadata
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Seasonal variation in heavy metal intake and excretion by dairy cattle in an Indian megacity
Abstract
Milk consumption plays a pivotal role in human nutrition, especially for children, due to its high protein, calcium, and vitamin contents that aid cognitive development. Nonetheless, potential hazards from heavy metal presence in milk, due to environmental exposure and intake through feed, have gained global attention. Given paucity of data we investigated the seasonal variation in the quantitative intake of heavy metals (cadmium: Cd, chromium: Cr, lead: Pb) by dairy cows in the South Indian megacity of Bengaluru, and the resulting heavy metal concentrations in milk and feces. The research involved 39 dairy farms across urban and peri‑urban areas, where 281 feed, 329 milk, and 183 feces samples were collected along with management data during monsoon (July 2020 - August 2020), winter (November 2020 – February 2021) and summer (March 2022 – June 2022) seasons. During the summer season, Cd concentration in lake fodder averaged 1.6 mg/kg DM, which was higher than the 0.6 mg/kg DM during winter and 0.9 mg/kg DM during the monsoon season. The higher concentration resulted in an increased daily Cd intake of 13.7 mg/cow/day. Similarly, Cr and Pb intake were also highest in summer (Cr: 46.3 mg/cow/day, Pb: 11.7 mg/cow/day), whereby for both elements the concentrations were higher in non-lake feed than in lake fodder. With the exception of a few milk samples, Cr and Pb concentrations were below threshold levels and did not compromise milk safety, and Cd levels never raised concerns. Nevertheless, elevated Cr and Pb concentrations (Cr: 9.8–16.9 mg/kg DM, Pb: 4.1–10.6 mg/kg DM) were determined in feces across seasons, potentially endangering the environment and reintroducing these elements into the food chain through manure application on agricultural land. Rather than uniformly discouraging the use of lake fodder in Bengaluru, authorities on the one hand should caution fodder usage in pollution-prone areas, and on the other hand take measures to reduce contamination levels at those sites. Furthermore, it appears necessary to implement more stringent control measures for other types of feedstuffs. Raising farmers' awareness of the problem of heavy metals in the food chain could promote their compliance with regulations without the need for complete feed bans, which are difficult to enforce in a highly contested urban environment.
Citation
In: Livestock Science Volume 286 (2024-06-10) eissn:1878-0490Sponsorship
Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEALCitation
@article{doi:10.17170/kobra-2024070910498,
author={Alam, Md Shahin and Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan, Silpa and Bateki, Christian Adjogo and Malik, Pradeep Kumar and Bhatta, Raghavendra and Bürkert, Andreas and König, Sven and Schlecht, Eva},
title={Seasonal variation in heavy metal intake and excretion by dairy cattle in an Indian megacity},
journal={Livestock Science},
year={2024}
}
0500 Oax 0501 Text $btxt$2rdacontent 0502 Computermedien $bc$2rdacarrier 1100 2024$n2024 1500 1/eng 2050 ##0##http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15931 3000 Alam, Md Shahin 3010 Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan, Silpa 3010 Bateki, Christian Adjogo 3010 Malik, Pradeep Kumar 3010 Bhatta, Raghavendra 3010 Bürkert, Andreas 3010 König, Sven 3010 Schlecht, Eva 4000 Seasonal variation in heavy metal intake and excretion by dairy cattle in an Indian megacity / Alam, Md Shahin 4030 4060 Online-Ressource 4085 ##0##=u http://nbn-resolving.de/http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15931=x R 4204 \$dAufsatz 4170 5550 {{Indien}} 5550 {{Megastadt}} 5550 {{Milch}} 5550 {{Kontamination}} 5550 {{Schwermetall}} 5550 {{Gesundheitsgefährdung}} 5550 {{Futtermittel}} 7136 ##0##http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15931
2024-07-22T11:45:03Z 2024-07-22T11:45:03Z 2024-06-10 doi:10.17170/kobra-2024070910498 http://hdl.handle.net/123456789/15931 Gefördert im Rahmen des Projekts DEAL eng Namensnennung 4.0 International http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ alternative feedstuffs contamination cow milk health hazards 500 630 Seasonal variation in heavy metal intake and excretion by dairy cattle in an Indian megacity Aufsatz Milk consumption plays a pivotal role in human nutrition, especially for children, due to its high protein, calcium, and vitamin contents that aid cognitive development. Nonetheless, potential hazards from heavy metal presence in milk, due to environmental exposure and intake through feed, have gained global attention. Given paucity of data we investigated the seasonal variation in the quantitative intake of heavy metals (cadmium: Cd, chromium: Cr, lead: Pb) by dairy cows in the South Indian megacity of Bengaluru, and the resulting heavy metal concentrations in milk and feces. The research involved 39 dairy farms across urban and peri‑urban areas, where 281 feed, 329 milk, and 183 feces samples were collected along with management data during monsoon (July 2020 - August 2020), winter (November 2020 – February 2021) and summer (March 2022 – June 2022) seasons. During the summer season, Cd concentration in lake fodder averaged 1.6 mg/kg DM, which was higher than the 0.6 mg/kg DM during winter and 0.9 mg/kg DM during the monsoon season. The higher concentration resulted in an increased daily Cd intake of 13.7 mg/cow/day. Similarly, Cr and Pb intake were also highest in summer (Cr: 46.3 mg/cow/day, Pb: 11.7 mg/cow/day), whereby for both elements the concentrations were higher in non-lake feed than in lake fodder. With the exception of a few milk samples, Cr and Pb concentrations were below threshold levels and did not compromise milk safety, and Cd levels never raised concerns. Nevertheless, elevated Cr and Pb concentrations (Cr: 9.8–16.9 mg/kg DM, Pb: 4.1–10.6 mg/kg DM) were determined in feces across seasons, potentially endangering the environment and reintroducing these elements into the food chain through manure application on agricultural land. Rather than uniformly discouraging the use of lake fodder in Bengaluru, authorities on the one hand should caution fodder usage in pollution-prone areas, and on the other hand take measures to reduce contamination levels at those sites. Furthermore, it appears necessary to implement more stringent control measures for other types of feedstuffs. Raising farmers' awareness of the problem of heavy metals in the food chain could promote their compliance with regulations without the need for complete feed bans, which are difficult to enforce in a highly contested urban environment. open access Alam, Md Shahin Mullakkalparambil Velayudhan, Silpa Bateki, Christian Adjogo Malik, Pradeep Kumar Bhatta, Raghavendra Bürkert, Andreas König, Sven Schlecht, Eva doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2024.105520 Indien Megastadt Milch Kontamination Schwermetall Gesundheitsgefährdung Futtermittel publishedVersion eissn:1878-0490 Livestock Science Volume 286 false 105520
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