Beim Bau von Staudämmen und Reservoirs in Karst, die für ihre hohe Pererverenz aufgrund von Auflösungsfehlern und Leitungen bekannt sind, besteht das vorherrschende Risiko im Wasserverlust. Der Wasserverlust durch das Fundament und die Widerlager der in den Karstgebieten errichteten Dämme führt zu erheblichen Kosten und zur Nichtproduktivität der Staudämme. Obwohl die Konstruktion eines Dichtungsschleiers die gebräuchlichste Methode zur Verringerung oder Verhinderung von Wasserverlust ist, kann sie das Problem nur ...

Food and water security will be a great future challenge due to the growth of population and unsustainable water usage. The renewable water resources in the MENA region including Iran, are expected to decline. This situation is exacerbated by the increasing demands and the rising climate variability in the wake of global climate change affecting adversely the available water resources. This thesis research attempts to evaluate the impacts of climate change and water demands on the hydrological and environmental ...

Water balance calculations and spatially distributed rainfall-runoff models require high-resolution climatic datasets as the primary input, however, in the Upper Indus basin (UIB), it is rare to find in-situ observational climate data which have spatial, altitudinal and temporal coverage, suitable enough for distributed hydrological investigations and so for the assessment of climate-change’s hydrological impacts. The average precipitation amounts over the UIB are unrealistically low to sustain the observed discharge ...

Modeling the hydrologic responses to future changes of climate is important for improving adaptive water management. In the present application to the Zarrine River Basin (ZRB), with the major reach being the main inflow source of Lake Urmia (LU), firstly future daily temperatures and precipitation are predicted using two statistical downscaling methods: the classical statistical downscaling model (SDSM), augmented by a trend-preserving bias correction, and a two-step updated quantile mapping (QM) method. The general ...

Accurate estimates of daily rainfall are essential for understanding and modeling the physical processes involved in the interaction between the land surface and the atmosphere. In this study, daily satellite soil moisture observations from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer–Earth Observing System (AMSR–E) generated by implementing the standard National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) algorithm are employed for estimating rainfall, firstly, through the use of recently developed approach, SM2RAIN ...

Der Klimawandel und deren Variabilität, wie z.B. die Dürre, wirken sich auf die Wasserressourcen und insbesondere auf die wertvolle Grundwasserressource aus, die im Iran mehr als 80% des Wasserbedarfs aller Bereiche (Landwirtschaft, Haushalt und Industrie) ausmacht. Es ist von größter Bedeutung, Anpassungsstrategien zur Bewältigung dieser Probleme zu finden, um ein nachhaltiges Wasserressourcenmanagement sicherzustellen. In dieser Hinsicht sind physikalisch basierte hydrologische Modelle gekoppelt mit Grundwassermodellen ...

The core of the present Doctoral study deals with glacier simulations for calculating mass balance and discharge in the Artesonraju glacier and Artesoncocha basin, in the Cordillera Blanca (CB), Peru. For this purpose, two different models are used. One is an energy-model (EBM) which is physically based and uses energy fluxes measurements on the glaciers, whereas the other one is a temperature index model (TIM) which is empirical and uses mainly temperature and precipitation as its main input data. An analysis of ...

Numerous studies have proven an effect of a probable climate change on the hydrosphere’s different subsystems. In the 21st century global and regional redistribution of water has to be expected and it is very likely that extreme weather phenomenon will occur more frequently. From a global view the flood situation will exacerbate. In contrast to these discoveries the classical approach of flood frequency analysis provides terms like “mean flood recurrence interval”. But for this analysis to be valid there is a need ...

The main task of this work has been to investigate the effects of anisotropy onto the propagation of seismic waves along the Upper Mantle below Germany and adjacent areas. Refraction- and reflexion seismic experiments proved the existence of Upper Mantle anisotropy and its influence onto the propagation of Pn-waves. By the 3D tomographic investigations that have been done here for the crust and the upper mantle, considering the influence of anisotropy, a gap for the investigations in Europe has been closed. These ...

Experimentelle und numerische Untersuchungen der dichteabhängigen Strömung und des Transportes gelöster Stoffe in einem sandbepackten Labortank sind wichtig für das Verständnis des Prozesses der Erneuerung von Aquifer. Am Hydrauliklabor der Universität Kassel werden solche Experimente zur Analyse von Makrodispersionseffekte auf eine Frisch-Salzwasser-Grenzfläche innerhalb der heterogen gepackten Sandstruktur mit vorgegebenen stochastischen Eigenschaften in einem Plexiglastank mit den Maßen 9.8×0.1 × 1.225 m durchgeführt. ...