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Development and Experimental Study of Smart Solar Assisted Yogurt Processing Unit for Decentralized Dairy Value Chain
(2022-04-04)
Yogurt production at the farm level is important for adding value to milk. In this study, a solar-assisted yogurt processing unit capable of performing the three processes of heating, fermentation, and cooling in a single unit was developed. It consisted of a circular chamber surrounded by a coil for heating by a solar vacuum tube collector and a pillow plate for cooling by a solar PV-powered chiller unit. Experiments were performed using 50, 40 and 30 L of raw milk under a constant water circulation rate of 50 L per ...
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Simulation framework for crystallization in melt flows of semi-crystalline polymers based on phenomenological models
(2022-04-16)
Polymer components are shaped mostly out of the molten state. As in the case of semi-crystalline polymers, crystallization can be suppressed by shock cooling, thermal process design allows to influence the solid bodies properties. A simulation approach that enables to predict these properties based on a forecast of crystallinity is presented in this paper. The main effects to consider and possibilities of modeling and simulation are discussed. A detailed description of how to create an experimental foundation using ...
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Environmental Assessment of Carbon Concrete Based on Life-Cycle Wide Climate, Material, Energy and Water Footprints
(2022-07-12)
The construction industry contributes a major share to global warming and resource consumption. Steel-reinforced concrete (SC) is the world’s most important building material, with over 100 million cubic meters used per year in Germany. In order to achieve a resource-efficient and climate-friendly construction sector, innovative technologies and the substitution of materials are required. Carbon concrete (CC) is a composite material made of concrete and a reinforcement of carbon fibers. Due to the non-rusting and ...
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Physicochemical Investigation of Rainfall for Managed Aquifer Recharge in Punjab (Pakistan)
(2022-07-07)
In a water-scarce country such as Pakistan, rainfall is the third-largest source of freshwater. In most of the urban cities of the country, rainwater is mixed with sewerage and is rendered useless for managed aquifer recharge purposes. Therefore, this study investigates the rainfall potential for managed aquifer recharge in Lahore (Pakistan). The present research was designed and conducted by the Irrigation Research Institute (IRI). Three different sites were selected for rainwater sample collection across the study ...
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Development of a breeding program for improving the milk yield performance of Butana cattle under smallholder production conditions using a stochastic simulation approach
(2022-05-11)
Butana is one of the local dairy cattle breeds of Sudan commonly kept by smallholder producers. This breed has been strongly promoted to advance the dairy production sector in the country. The main problem, however, is the lack of a systematic breeding program that involves smallholder producers. The aim of the current study was to identify the most promising design for a breeding program to improve the milk yield performance of Butana cattle under smallholder production conditions. In total, 3 breeding scenarios, ...
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Reactions of Mesityl Azide with Ferrocene-Based N-Heterocyclic Germylenes, Stannylenes and Plumbylenes, Including PPh₂-Functionalised Congeners
(2022-05-05)
The active PbII/P Lewis pair nature of a PPh₂-functionalised ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic plumbylene is demonstrated by its reaction with mesityl azide to afford a phosphazide, which is in contrast to the inertness of the unfunctionalised congener. The lighter analogues most likely react with MesN₃ at their respective tetrel atom Eᴵᴵ, leading to the formation of N₂ and an Eᶦᵛ=NMes unit, followed by NMes transfer from the Eᶦᵛ to the Pᴵᴵᴵ atom.
The reactivity of ferrocene-based N-heterocyclic tetrylenes ...
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Gendering post-harvest loss research: responsibilities of women and men to manage maize after harvest in southwestern Ethiopia
(2022-03-22)
Post-harvest losses are a significant problem worldwide, leading to a waste of resources when they are becoming scarcer. Rather than putting more energy into increasing production volume, addressing post-harvest losses can increase food availability without increasing yields. Using maize in Ethiopia to introduce gendering post-harvest loss research, we analyze the gendered division of labor in post-harvest management and then discuss implications. The study was conducted from 2014–2015 in southwestern Ethiopia as ...
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Seasonal Variations in Voluntary Intake and ApparentDigestibility of Forages by Goats in the Chinese Altai Mountains
(2022-06-27)
Forage availability and quality directly impact animal performance, ultimately affecting productivity and health. This study aimed to understand the interaction between qualitative and quantitative vegetation availability and feed intake of goats on alpine pastures in the Chinese Altai Mountains. The daily grazing routes of three goats from a local herding family were monitored with GPS devices set at a logging rate of 64 s during spring and the early and late summer season in 2013 and 2014. The quantity and quality ...
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An engineering perspective on the numerics of quasi-periodic oscillations
(2022-04-29)
The phenomenon of quasi-periodicity in deterministic dynamical systems describes stationary solutions, which neither exhibit a finite period length nor are chaotic. Recently, an increasing demand for robust numerical methods is driven by applied dynamics and industrial applications. In this context, direct time integration proves to be impractical due to extensive integration intervals. Therefore, in a first step, this contribution aims on giving an application oriented survey of the basic theory as well as alternative ...
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3DWoodWind: robotic winding processes for material-efficient lightweight veneer components
(2022-03-25)
Winding processes are known from fiber composite technology for highly resistance lightweight components for aviation. These fiber-based processes work predominantly with synthetic composites made of carbon or glass fibers. For the construction industry, these additive processes are very promising and resource-efficient building processes, but they are still hardly used in timber construction despite the very high level of digitalization and technical development. The 3DWoodWind research project uses a continuous ...