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Aufsatz
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Small villages and their sanitary infrastructure—an unnoticed influence on water quantity and a threat to water quality in headwater catchments
(2023-11-16)
In rural catchments, villages often feature their own, separate urban water infrastructure, including combined sewer overflows (CSOs) or wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). These point sources affect the water quantity and quality of the receiving low order streams. However, the extent of this impact is rarely monitored. We installed discharge and water quality measurements at the outlet of two small, neighbouring headwater catchments, one that includes a village, a WWTP, and two CSOs, while the other is predominantly ...
Aufsatz
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Machine learning parameter systems, Noether normalisations and quasi-stable positions
(2024-06-25)
We discuss the use of machine learning models for finding “good coordinates” for polynomial ideals. Our main goal is to put ideals into quasi-stable position, as this generic position shares most properties of the generic initial ideal, but can be deterministically reached and verified. Furthermore, it entails a Noether normalisation and provides us with a system of parameters. Traditional approaches use either random choices which typically destroy all sparsity or rather simple human heuristics which are only ...
Aufsatz
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The impact of testosterone-lowering medication on recidivism in individuals convicted of sexual offenses
(2024-06-05)
Introduction: Treatment of individuals who have committed sexual offences with Testosterone-Lowering Medication (TLM) is a comparatively intrusive kind of intervention, which regularly takes place in coercive contexts. Thus, the question of efficacy, but also the question of who should be treated, when and for how long, are of great importance. Methods: Recidivism rates of TLM-treated high-risk individuals (þTLM; n¼54) were compared with high-risk individuals treated with psychotherapy only in the same forensic ...
Aufsatz
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Transformation and Leaching Simulation of 6:2 and 8:2 diPAP and Related Metabolites in Unsaturated Soil Column Studies with MACRO
(2023-10-14)
PFAS (perfluoroalkyl substances) are widespread in the environment and are found in almost every medium. Besides persistent PFAS, their transforming precursors gained attention since they may be a reservoir for persistent PFAS in soil. Only little information is available about the behavior of these precursors and the simultaneous leaching of their transformation products. However, this information is urgently needed to improve estimates of contamination levels. For this purpose, two precursors and their non-degradable ...
Aufsatz
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Exploring eco-industrial development in the global south: recognizing informal waste-picking as urban-industrial symbiosis?
(2023-05-23)
Industrial ecology (IE) is discussed as a suitable approach to resolve three widespread socio-ecological problems in the so-called global south: waste accumulation, unemployment, and lack of adequate housing. As the IE framework was developed mainly in the global north, its applicability in the global south is uncertain. The issue is discussed along the use of municipal waste as building materials as a concrete application of circular economy (CE) and IE principles, which could contribute to the alleviation of the ...
Aufsatz
![Open Access](/themes/Mirage2/images/Open_Access_logo_PLoS_transparent.svg)
Effectiveness and context dependency of social norm interventions: five field experiments on nudging pro-environmental and pro-social behavior
(2024-06-26)
Social norm interventions hold the potential to change people’s behavior. Five field experiments (N = 1,163) examined the effects of a simple and easily realizable social norm nudge based on the social media format “Be like Bill.” The nudge consisted of a stick figure named Toni that communicated descriptive and injunctive norms regarding pro-environmental or pro-social behaviors. Nudge conditions were compared to no-intervention control conditions. Experiment 1 (N = 179) focused on paper towel consumption in a women’s ...
Aufsatz
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Effect of full-sib and S2-selection on a sweet corn population (Zea mays convar. saccharata)
(2024-04-26)
Sweet corn breeding goals differ from grain or silage corn. Sweet corn goals focus on marketable yield including several quality traits. This study explores the effect of a single cycle of full-sib selection and S2 selection on improving the marketable yield of an open-pollinated sweet corn population. The selected populations were subsequently compared in four environments for several plant-, yield- and quality traits relative to the original population. Analysis of variance was used to detect selection progress and ...
Aufsatz
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Fluoropyrimidines trigger decay of hypomodified tRNA in yeast
(2024-06-10)
Therapeutic fluoropyrimidines 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) are in long use for treatment of human cancers and severe invasive fungal infections, respectively. 5-Fluorouridine triphosphate represents a bioactive metabolite of both drugs and is incorporated into target cells’ RNA. Here we use the model fungus Saccharomyces cerevisiae to define fluorinated tRNA as a key mediator of 5-FU and 5-FC cytotoxicity when specific tRNA methylations are absent. tRNA methylation deficiency caused by loss of ...
Aufsatz
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Optimal photoelectron circular dichroism of a model chiral system
(2024-06-03)
We optimize the internuclear geometry and electronic structure of a model chiral system to achieve a maximal photoelectron circular dichroism (PECD) in its one-photon ionization by circularly polarized light. The electronic structure calculations are performed by the single center method, while the optimization is done using quantum alchemy employing a Taylor series expansion. Thereby, the effect of bond lengths and uncompensated charge distributions on the chiral response of the model is investigated theoretically ...
Aufsatz
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At the limits of bisphosphonio-substituted stannylenes
(2023-12-13)
Donor stabilization of Sn(II) and Pb(II) halides with 1,1’-ferrocenylene bridged bisphosphanes has been explored for Fe(C₅H₄P(C6H₅)₂)₂ (dppf), and Fe(C₅H₄PH(C₄H9))₂. These bisphosphanes are reacted with SnBr₂ and PbCl₂ with and without additional Lewis acid (AlCl₃) forming acyclic and cyclic donor adducts from which the latter represent bisphosphoniotetrylenes. Since dynamic exchange in solution is observed, characterization includes solution and solid-state NMR in addition to SC-XRD, amended by DFT calculations.