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Potentials and Limitations of WorldView-3 Data for the Detection of Invasive Lupinus polyphyllus Lindl. in Semi-Natural Grasslands
(2021-10-28)
Semi-natural grasslands contribute highly to biodiversity and other ecosystem services, but they are at risk by the spread of invasive plant species, which alter their habitat structure. Large area grassland monitoring can be a powerful tool to manage invaded ecosystems. Therefore, WorldView-3 multispectral sensor data was utilized to train multiple machine learning algorithms in an automatic machine learning workflow called ‘H2O AutoML’ to detect L. polyphyllus in a nature protection grassland ecosystem. Different ...
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Evidence of considerable C and N transfer from peas to cereals via direct root contact but not via mycorrhiza
(2021-06-01)
Intercropping of legumes and cereals is an important management method for improving yield stability, especially in organic farming systems. However, knowledge is restricted on the relevance of different nutrient transfer pathways. The objective of the study was to quantify nitrogen (N) and carbon (C) transfer from peas to triticale by (1) direct root contact (= R), (2) arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF; = A), and (3) diffusion (= D). Pea (Pisum sativum cv. Frisson and P2) and triticale (Triticum × Secale cv. Benetto) ...
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Deutungen von Bildung frühpädagogischer Fachkräfte
(2021-08-20)
Kindertageseinrichtungen gelten als Bildungsinstitutionen und leisten einen wesentlichen Beitrag zur Gestaltung des Aufwachsens von Kindern in Deutschland. Dabei spielen die frühpädagogischen Fachkräfte als Gestalter_innen und Ermöglicher_innen von Bildungsprozessen für Kinder eine entscheidende Rolle. Der Beitrag nimmt ihre Vorstellungen von Bildung und worauf sich diese gründen in den Blick.
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Detecting Careless Responding in Survey Data Using Stochastic Gradient Boosting
(2021-04-19)
Careless responding is a bias in survey responses that disregards the actual item content, constituting a threat to the factor structure, reliability, and validity of psychological measurements. Different approaches have been proposed to detect aberrant responses such as probing questions that directly assess test-taking behavior (e.g., bogus items), auxiliary or paradata (e.g., response times), or data-driven statistical techniques (e.g., Mahalanobis distance). In the present study, gradient boosted trees, a ...
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Smallholders’ Challenges: Realizing Peri-Urban Opportunities in Bengaluru
(2021-09-10)
Urban expansion creates potential for increased incomes among previously rural smallholders from sources other than traditional agriculture. Harnessing this potential, however, requires investments into agricultural upgrading or non-farm activities. The article addresses the question concerning to what extent these investments are realised in the peri-urban space of Bengaluru. Its answers are based on a review of the literature and extensive field surveys in two differentially developed districts assessing the ...
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Perceptions of Vegan Food among Organic Food Consumers Following Different Diets
(2021-08-31)
This article identifies consumer segments for vegan food by analysing perceptions of vegan food among food organic consumers following different diets: vegans, vegetarians, former vegetarians, flexitarians, and omnivores. The analysis is based on responses to a quantitative consumer survey for which 503 participants were recruited from customers at German grocery stores by quota sampling according to diet and region. From the responses to an open-ended question eliciting the participants’ associations with vegan food, ...
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Combining Genetic Gain and Diversity in Plant Breeding: Heritability of Root Selection in Wheat Populations
(2021-11-18)
To increase the resilience of agroecological farming systems against weeds, pests, and pathogens, evolutionary breeding of diversified crop populations is highly promising. A fundamental challenge in population breeding is to combine effective selection and breeding progress while maintaining intraspecific diversity. A hydroponic system was tested for its suitability to non-destructively select root traits on a population level in order to achieve genetic gain and maintain diversity. Forty wheat progenies were selected ...
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Comparison of Spaceborne and UAV-Borne Remote Sensing Spectral Data for Estimating Monsoon Crop Vegetation Parameters
(2021-04-20)
Various remote sensing data have been successfully applied to monitor crop vegetation parameters for different crop types. Those successful applications mostly focused on one sensor system or a single crop type. This study compares how two different sensor data (spaceborne multispectral vs unmanned aerial vehicle borne hyperspectral) can estimate crop vegetation parameters from three monsoon crops in tropical regions: finger millet, maize, and lablab. The study was conducted in two experimental field layouts (irrigated ...
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Numerical Simulation of Viscoelastic Fluid‐Structure Interaction Problems and Drug Therapy in the Eye
(2021-01-25)
The vitreous is a fluid‐like viscoelastic transparent medium located in the center of the human eye and is surrounded by hyperelastic structures like the sclera, lens and iris. This naturally gives rise to a fluid‐structure interaction (FSI) problem. While the healthy vitreous is viscoelastic and described by a viscoelastic Burgers‐type equation, the aging vitreous liquefies and is therefore modeled by the Navier‐Stokes equations. We derive a monolithic variational formulation employing the arbitrary Lagrangian ...
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Damping based on electromagnetic induction: A comparison of different minimal models
(2021-01-25)
Damping of structural vibrations is a crucial part of modern engineering. Using electromagnetic interactions for this purpose is a modern and promising approach. To gain better understanding of phenomena involved in this technique investigations on minimal models of a B‐field modulation dampers are shown. Therefore two different setups are compared. One uses a permanent magnet as the source for the magnetic field, one uses a coil, respectively an electro‐magnet as the source. The contribution focuses on differences ...