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Microbial biomass activity of a sodic Lixisol reclaimed with gypsum and clean water irrigation in urban vegetable systems of Burkina Faso
(2023-02-13)
Background: Little is known about the effects of gypsum application to remediate saline-sodic soils in the tropics and the role of microbial indicators in soil reclamation. Aims: Our study aimed at (1) remediating a highly weathered, irrigated sodic Lixisol under prolonged urban crop production by clean water and gypsum application and (2) to determine the remediation effects on soil microbial indices. Methods: A three-factorial on-farm experiment with maize (Zea mays L.) was used to study effects on soil microbial ...
Aufsatz
Does liming improve microbial carbon use efficiency after maize litter addition in a tropical acidic soil?
(2023-04-26)
Soil pH is one of the main drivers of soil microbial functions, including carbon use efficiency (CUE), the efficiency of microorganisms in converting substrate C into biomass, a key parameter for C sequestration. We evaluated liming effects after maize-litter addition on total CUE (including microbial residues), CUE of microbial biomass (CUEMB), and fungal biomass on an acidic Acrisol with a low C. We established a 6-week incubation experiment to compare limed and unlimed Acrisol treatments and a reference soil, a ...
Aufsatz
Pollen metabarcoding of museum specimens and recently collected bumblebees (Bombus) indicates foraging shifts
(2023-07-05)
Landscape changes, over time, lead to changes of floral resources available to pollinators, which in turn may result in the disappearance of ecologically specialized species. Here, we use pollen metabarcoding to infer historic and recent interactions between plants and bumblebees (Bombus). Bumblebees from Cuxhaven (Germany) were sampled from historical museum collections (1968/69) and in the field (2019). Pollen attached to their bodies was barcoded using multiple plant markers (ITS1, ITS2 and trnL-P6 loop). Our ...
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Critical evaluation of biochar effects on methane production and process stability in anaerobic digestion
(2023-07-18)
Biochar is an emerging biomaterial for managing residual biomass while simultaneously sequestering carbon. To extend the biochar value chain, applying biochar to enhance anaerobic digestion (AD) processes is gaining attention in the context of a circular economy and cascading use of biomass. However, the comparative effects of various biochar dosages under normal and severe AD conditions are still unclear. To further our understanding of its potential application, this work investigated the impact of adding various ...
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Biodynamic compost effects on soil parameters in a 27-year long-term field experiment
(2022-10-27)
Background
Soil samples were taken after 27 years from a long-term field experiment to study the effects of composted pure cattle farmyard manure (FYM) and two FYM treatments with biodynamic preparations on soil chemical and microbiological properties.
Methods
Soil organic carbon (SOC), total nitrogen, basal respiration, fungal ergosterol, microbial biomass C (MBC) and nitrogen (MBN) were analyzed in a 6-field crop rotation system, conducted as a randomized block design with six replicates. The multi-substrate-induced ...
Aufsatz
The Formation of β-Strand Nine (β9) in the Folding and Insertion of BamA from an Unfolded Form into Lipid Bilayers
(2023-02-19)
Transmembrane proteins span lipid bilayer membranes and serve essential functions in all living cells. Membrane-inserted domains are of either α-helical or β-barrel structure. Despite their biological importance, the biophysical mechanisms of the folding and insertion of proteins into membranes are not well understood. While the relative composition of the secondary structure has been examined by circular dichroism spectroscopy in folding studies for several outer membrane proteins, it is currently not known how ...
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Excessive Nitrate Limits the Sustainability of Deep Compost Mulch in Organic Market Gardening
(2023-05-18)
Market gardening is a widespread practice of bio-intensive vegetable production characterized by direct marketing, small-scale farming structures, high crop densities, and innovative cultivation approaches. Currently, deep compost mulch (DCM) is a popular trend among related growing techniques. The combination of no-till and a permanent mulch of compost aims to improve soil fertility, regulate soil temperature, retain soil moisture, and control weeds. To address the problem of perennial weeds in organic no-till, deep ...
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Green in grey: ecosystem services and disservices perceptions from small-scale green infrastructure along a rural-urban gradient in Bengaluru, India
(2023-06-25)
Ecosystem services provided by green infrastructure are often discussed for their potential to address the societal challenges of urbanization. However, green infrastructure, particularly small-scale types (e.g. trees), is vulnerable to loss through urbanization and is often passed over during scientific investigations. Studies on the perceptions of ecosystem services and disservices (hereafter called ecosystem (dis)services) dynamics along the ruralurban gradient are particularly rare in the literature. Therefore, ...
Aufsatz
A hitchhiker’s guide: estimates of microbial biomass and microbial gene abundance in soil
(2024-03-19)
Information on microbial biomass carbon (MBC) is crucial to assess their stocks and role for plant nutrient release in soil. Next to fumigation-extraction, molecular methods are routinely used to estimate the contribution of fungi, bacteria, and archaea to the soil microbial community. However, more information on the links between these different indices would deepen the understanding of microbial processes. The current study is based on 11 datasets, which contain MBC and MBN data obtained by fumigation-extraction ...
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Impact of Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus (PNYDV) on nodulation, N₂ fixation and yield in faba bean (Vicia faba, L.)
(2022-08-09)
Pea necrotic yellow dwarf virus (PNYDV) is a novel nanovirus in Europe, affecting various grain legumes. The impact of PNYDV on nodulation, symbiotic N₂ fixation and yield parameters in faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was investigated at controlled conditions in the greenhouse (2017), on-farm in natural infection foci (2018, 2019) and in a small-scale field experiment (2020). In the latter, the standard variety ‘Fuego’ was compared with the variety ‘GL Sunrise’ in early and late infections. In addition, the analogous effects ...