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Toward the Next Generation of Digitalization in Agriculture Based on Digital Twin Paradigm
(2022-01-10)
Digitalization has impacted agricultural and food production systems, and makes application of technologies and advanced data processing techniques in agricultural field possible. Digital farming aims to use available information from agricultural assets to solve several existing challenges for addressing food security, climate protection, and resource management. However, the agricultural sector is complex, dynamic, and requires sophisticated management systems. The digital approaches are expected to provide more ...
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Associations between Dairy Herds’ Qualitative Behavior and Aspects of Herd Health, Stockperson and Farm Factors—A Cross-Sectional Exploration
(2022-01-22)
The affective state is an integrated aspect of farm animal welfare, which is understood as the animals’ perception of their living environment and of their internal biological functioning. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to explore animal-internal and external factors potentially influencing dairy cows’ affective state. For this purpose, qualitative behavior assessments (QBA) describing the animals’ body language were applied at herd level on 25 dairy farms. By means of principal component analysis (PCA), ...
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The Vision of Self-Management in Cognitive Organic Power Distribution Systems
(2022-01-26)
Due to the ongoing trend towards a decarbonisation of energy use, the power system is expected to become the backbone of all energy sectors and thus the fundamental critical infrastructure. High penetration with distributed energy resources demands the coordination of a large number of prosumers, partly controlled by home energy management systems (HEMS), to be designed in such a way that the power system’s operational limits are not violated. On the grid level, distribution management systems (DMS) seek to keep the ...
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Development of a Passenger Assistance System to Increase the Attractiveness of Local Public Transport
(2022-03-22)
In this paper, we present a concept for an assistance system for public transport passengers currently being developed for Kassel, Germany, and its surrounding area. The assistance system aims at increasing the attractiveness of local public transport by reducing barriers to use, thus promoting sustainable travel behavior. Three main barriers were identified: crowded vehicles, missed connections, and inconveniences in the transportation of shopping bags and luggage. To tackle these issues, three assistance system ...
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Method and experimental investigation of surface heat dissipation measurement using 3D thermography
(2022-02-11)
Three-dimensional thermography describes the fusion of geometry- and temperature-related sensor data. In the resulting 3D thermogram, thermal and spatial information of the measured object is available in one single model. Besides the simplified visualization of measurement results, the question arises how the additional data can be used to get further information. In this work, the Supplement information is used to calculate the surface heat dissipation caused by thermal radiation and natural convection. For this ...
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Pathologies of a Different Kind: Dysfunctional Interactions between International Organizations
(2022-01-17)
This article develops the concept of “interorganizational pathologies” as an extension of Michael N. Barnett and Martha Finnemore's work on bureaucratic pathologies. Adopting an open system perspective, I argue that dysfunctional interactions may arise between international organizations (IOs) even when their cooperation is fairly institutionalized. To advance this line of reasoning, I examine interactions between the International Monetary Fund (IMF or Fund) and the World Bank (or Bank). Evidence from more than ...
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Who wants to learn harder? The relationship between conservatism and liberalism, desirable difficulties, and academic learning
(2022-01-04)
Previous work has shown that challenging learning strategies like desirable difficulties improve long-term learning. Nonetheless, because they might be regarded as strict and demanding learning strategies, they should not be perceived as positive by everyone. They should, however, fit conservative political attitudes since those are, among others, positively correlated with individuals’ need for order and structure as well as with challenging learning environments. Hence, we hypothesized conservative political attitudes ...
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Bonding Behaviour of Steel Fibres in UHPFRC Based on Alkali-Activated Slag
(2022-03-04)
The mechanical performance of fibre-reinforced ultra-high-performance concrete based on alkali-activated slag was investigated, concentrating on the use of steel fibres. The flexural strength is slightly higher compared to the UHPC based on Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) as the binder. Correlating the flexural strength test with multiple fibre-pullout tests, an increase in the bonding behaviour at the interfacial-transition zone of the AAM-UHPC was found compared to the OPC-UHPC. Microstructural investigations on the ...
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Dissolution of Portlandite in Pure Water: Part 1 Molecular Dynamics (MD) Approach
(2022-02-14)
The current contribution proposes a multi-scale bridging modeling approach for the dissolution of crystals to connect the atomistic scale to the (sub-) micro-scale. This is demonstrated in the example of dissolution of portlandite, as a relatively simple benchmarking example for cementitious materials. Moreover, dissolution kinetics is also important for other industrial processes, e.g., acid gas absorption and pH control. In this work, the biased molecular dynamics (metadynamics) coupled with reactive force field ...
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Transmission Electron Microscopy Study on the Precipitation Behaviors of Laser-Welded Ferritic Stainless Steels and Their Implications on Intergranular Corrosion Resistance
(2022-01-04)
The intergranular corrosion susceptibility of ferritic stainless-steel weldments is strongly dependent on chromium carbide precipitation phenomena. Hence, stabilization is widely used to mitigate the aforementioned precipitation. In contrast, stabilization has proved ineffective to fully prevent intergranular corrosion due to segregation of unreacted chromium during solid-state heat-treatments. To analyze the precipitation behavior of 17 wt.-% chromium ferritic stainless steels during laser welding, sheets of ...