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Aufsatz
Crack Paths at Multiple-crack Systems in Anisotropic Simulation and Experiment
(2014-06-27)
This paper is targeted on numerical methods for accurate crack tip loading analysis and crack path prediction. Those are based on finite element calculations of the boundary value problem. Applying path-independent integrals to curved cracks in order to accurately calculate the J-integral, energy release rate (ERR) or stress intensity factors (SIF) is still not state of the art. Contours which are not confined to the crack tip require special analytical preparation and numerical treatment to supply results which are ...
Aufsatz
Optimal control theory for a unitary operation under dissipative evolution
(2014)
We show that optimizing a quantum gate for an open quantum system requires the time evolution of only three states irrespective of the dimension of Hilbert space. This represents a significant reduction in computational resources compared to the complete basis of Liouville space that is commonly believed necessary for this task. The reduction is based on two observations: the target is not a general dynamical map but a unitary operation; and the time evolution of two properly chosen states is sufficient to distinguish ...
Aufsatz
Sprachwissenschaft als Kulturwissenschaft aus romanistischer Sicht: Das Beispiel der kontrastiven Pragmatik
(2014-03-01)
One of the central questions of pragmalinguistics is the distinction between linguistic structures and cultural norms that guide the usage of these structures in verbal interaction. is distinction is especially important for contrastive pragmatics, which analyses the interfaces of different languages and cultures. In order to draw a clear line between linguistic and cultural differences in patterns of interaction, contrastive pragmatics needs a methodological framework that is centred around a precise analytical ...
Aufsatz
Governing Through Resilience? Exploring Flood Protection in Dresden, Germany
(2014-06-04)
The paper argues for a governmentality perspective on risk-management politics and resilience-related governance. This perspective pays ample attention to conflicts and discursive ‘battles’ in which different truths and normative assessments, including specific rationalities, subjectivities and technologies of governing compete against. Up to now, the literature on governmentality and resilience has mainly been based on empirical research in the UK. This research highlights the growing importance of neoliberal forms ...
Aufsatz
Competing Wind Energy Discourses, Contested Landscapes
(2014-10-13)
The impairment of landscapes is a concern constantly raised against wind energy developments in Germany as in other countries. Often, landscapes or landscape types are treated in the literature as essentialist or at least as uncontested categories. We analyse two examples of local controversies about wind energy, in which “landscape” is employed by supporters and opponents alike, from a poststructuralist and discourse theoretical angle. The aim is to identify and compare landscape constructs produced in the micro ...
Aufsatz
Numerical Two-Scale Simulations of Damage Evolution at Refractory Materials
(2014-02-25)
Fracture and damage processes on micro- and mesoscale are combined with macroscale simulations applying numerical multiscale approaches. Cracks and grain boundaries are reproduced in cell models that take account of transand intercrystalline crack growth. The global, in general thermomechanical boundary value problem is considered within a continuum mechanics framework. Two approaches are presented combining the scales. Simple processes on the smaller level are described in analytical models including the damage ...
Aufsatz
Symbolic versus non-symbolic magnitude estimations among children and adults
(2014-07-30)
The ability of children and adults to generate symbolic and non-symbolic magnitude estimations was examined in the light of their familiarity with numbers. Children (6-year-old kindergartners, 7-year-old first graders, and 9-year-old third graders) and adults made symbolic estimations either by saying number words that matched numbers of dots (i.e., perception task) or by generating numbers of dots that matched given number words (i.e., production task). In the non-symbolic estimation task, participants generated the ...
Aufsatz
Left preference for sport tasks does not necessarily indicate left-handedness
(2014)
In the elite domain of interactive sports, athletes who demonstrate a left preference (e.g., holding a weapon with the left hand in fencing or boxing in a ‘southpaw’ stance) seem overrepresented. Such excess indicates a performance advantage and was also interpreted as evidence in favour of frequency-dependent selection mechanisms to explain the maintenance of left-handedness in humans. To test for an overrepresentation, the incidence of athletes’ lateral preferences is typically compared with an expected ratio of ...