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Aufsatz
Construction and Use of a Simple Index of Urbanisation in the Rural–Urban Interface of Bangalore, India
(2017-11-21)
Urbanisation is a global trend rapidly transforming the biophysical and socioeconomic structures of metropolitan areas. To better understand (and perhaps control) these processes, more interdisciplinary research must be dedicated to the rural–urban interface. This also calls for a common reference system describing intermediate stages along a rural–urban gradient. The present paper constructs a simple index of urbanisation for villages in the Greater Bangalore Area, using GIS analysis of satellite images, and combining ...
Aufsatz
Effect of Sowing Method and Weed Control on the Performance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Intercropped with Climbing Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.)
(2017-06-23)
Maize is grown on a large area in Germany and there is a growing concern in society about negative environmental effects related to this. The objective of the study was to test the performance of mixtures of maize and climbing beans as an alternative to monocropped maize under different site and management conditions. The effects of sowing density of maize and beans as well as the sowing time of beans on total dry matter (DM) yield and bean DM contribution to the total yield were investigated. Further, various ...
Aufsatz
Heavy Metals and Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Leaf Litter Designated for Combustion
(2017-03-03)
Vast amounts of leaf litter have to be disposed of by city administrations. This biomass has the potential for energy conversion, but contamination with pollutants can adversely affect this usage. We investigated leaf litter samples from the city of Kassel by analyzing their heavy metal and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) concentrations. Leaf samples were indeed contaminated with heavy metals and PAHs and contamination was influenced by provenience and collection technique. A simple cleaning system of washing ...
Aufsatz
Fusion of Ultrasonic and Spectral Sensor Data for Improving the Estimation of Biomass in Grasslands with Heterogeneous Sward Structure
(2017-01-21)
An accurate estimation of biomass is needed to understand the spatio-temporal changes of forage resources in pasture ecosystems and to support grazing management decisions. A timely evaluation of biomass is challenging, as it requires efficient means such as technical sensing methods to assess numerous data and create continuous maps. In order to calibrate ultrasonic and spectral sensors, a field experiment with heterogeneous pastures continuously stocked by cows at three grazing intensities was conducted. Sensor ...
Aufsatz
Using Grass Cuttings from Sports Fields for Anaerobic Digestion and Combustion
(2017-03-18)
Sports fields provide a recreation space for citizens, but also generate grass biomass, which is cut weekly during the main seasons and therefore could be used in energy generation (combustion or anaerobic digestion). To evaluate the technical suitability of the grass cuttings, silage was produced from four sports fields during one vegetation period and investigated for relevant properties. Potential methane yield was determined with batch tests. Mean methane yield was 291.86 lN·kg−1 VSadded (VS, volatile solid). ...
Dissertation
Nitrogen and Energy Utilization on Conventional and Organic Dairy Farms in Norway
(2017-04-10)
Zusammenfassung:
In allen Wirtschaftszweigen muss die Ausnutzung der verwendeten Energie und Nährstoffe verbessert werden, um die umweltbezogene Nachhaltigkeit zu verbessern. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, den Ausnutzungsgrad von Energie und Stickstoff auf norwegischen Milchviehbetrieben zu analysieren und zu untersuchen, ob der Ausnutzungsgrad erhöht werden kann.
Die Daten für die Studie wurden von 2010 bis 2012 auf 10 konventionell und 10 ökologisch bewirtschafteten Betrieben erhoben. Für Stickstoff wurde eine ...
Dissertation
Combined use of spectral signatures and ultrasonic sward height for the assessment of biomass and quality parameters in heterogeneous pastures
(2017-06-21)
Precision management of grasslands requires accurate information on sward characteristics at a spatial and temporal scale. Multi-sensor data fusion provides data for site-specific grassland management. The present study aimed to demonstrate the potential of using a combination of ultrasonic and hyper-spectral sensor data fusion to predict forage quality (crude protein and acid detergent fiber) and biomass in heterogeneous pastures. The ability of a mobile sensing system equipped with both sensors to quantify within-field ...
Dissertation
Energetische Verwertung städtischen Laubs
(2017-11-28)
Das relativ saubere Parklaub und verschmutzte städtische Straßenlaub wurde durch das IFBB-Verfahren nach seiner energetischen Verwertbarkeit untersucht. Das Parklaub wurde durch das typische IFBB-Verfahren verarbeitet. Da das Straßenlaub durch Störstoffe (Sand, Kies, Plastik, Papier, Metallstücke) belastet war, bestand die Notwendigkeit es gründlich zu reinigen. Deswegen wurde der Vorgang der Konditionierung des IFBB-Verfahrens bei 40°C bei Straßenlaub durch den Reinigungsprozess bei 10-12°C ersetzt. Das Pressen in ...
Dissertation
Laboratory and field experiment evaluation of alternatives for maize in biogas production
(2017-09-28)
The objective of this thesis was to investigate possible alternatives to monocropped maize for the production of biogas.
The strategy of double-cropping for the production of biogas substrates is addressed by degradation experiments with maize as the standard crop and the two alternative crops sunflower and sorghum-sudangrass. Biological degradation experiments were made in biogas batch reactors for all three crops in each maturity stage. The remaining material was analysed for different chemical parameters to ...