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Optimised use of data fusion and memory-based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data
(2023-06-24)
Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near-infrared (vis–NIR) and mid-infrared (MIR) regions is a well-established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (Ct), total nitrogen (Nt) and pH using ...
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A novel cubic-exp evaluation algorithm considering non-symmetrical axial response signals of confocal microscopes
(2023-06-26)
The depth discrimination in confocal microscopy is based on the digital analysis of depth response signals obtained by each camera pixel during measurement. Various signal-processing algorithms are used for this purpose. The accuracy of these algorithms is inter alia restricted by the axial symmetry of the signals. However, in practice response signals are rather asymmetrical especially in case of measurement objects with critical surface structures such as edges or steep flanks. We present a novel signal-processing ...
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Sonication-assisted liquid exfoliation and size-dependent properties of magnetic two-dimensional α-RuCl₃
(2023-04-26)
Originating from the hexagonal arrangement of magnetic ions in the presence of strong spin orbit coupling, α-RuCl₃ is considered as model system for the Kitaev-Heisenberg model. While the magnetic properties of α-RuCl₃ have been studied in bulk single crystals or micromechanically-exfoliated nanosheets, little is known about the nanosheets' properties after exfoliation by techniques suitable for mass production such as liquid phase exfoliation (LPE). Here, we demonstrate sonication-assisted LPE on α-RuCl₃ single ...
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Integrative-interpersonal dynamic therapy for poststroke depression (INID): study protocol of a randomised controlled pilot trial
(2023-08-08)
Introduction Depression is the most frequent psychiatric disorder following stroke, affecting about one-third of stroke survivors. Patients experience poorer recovery, lower quality of life and higher mortality compared with stroke survivors without depression. Despite these well-known malign consequences, poststroke depression (PSD) is regarded underdiagnosed and undertreated. Evidence of beneficial effects of psychotherapy to treat PSD remains scarce and inconclusive and is limited by heterogeneity in design, content ...
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Dissimilar Laser Beam Welding of Titanium to Stainless Steel Using Pure Niobium as Filler Material in Lap Joint Configuration
(2023-09-20)
In the present investigation, commercially pure titanium is welded to AISI 316L stainless steel by intermixing niobium as filler material in a lap joint configuration. For this purpose, a pulsed Nd:YAG laser with various pulse durations and pulse peak powers is employed to obtain different mixing conditions for the materials. It will be demonstrated that, despite the implementation of the filler material, the weld seams are characterized by a high affinity for cracking, which in turn can be attributed to the formation ...
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Human‑elephant conflict in the Sri Lankan dry zone: investigating social and geographical drivers through field‑based methods
(2023-07-02)
Human-elephant conflict (HEC) in Sri Lanka has escalated over the recent years, with, on average, 300 elephant deaths annually and human casualties of around 90 per year. Employing field-based qualitative methods, this contribution identifies causes and contexts of human-elephant conflict in those parts of the Sri Lankan dry zone most severely affected. We have used field observations as well as semi-structured interviews with experts and affected villagers as primary data collection techniques. The findings show ...
Aufsatz
Relevance of organic vs. inorganic nitrogen in intra- and interspecific competition of seven central European tree species
(2023-06-23)
Key message: When competing for nitrogen with other tree species, organic N is more important than inorganic N for most species. //
Abstract: Competition for nitrogen (N) in the rhizosphere is a key process regulating a seedling´s chances for growth and survival. However, only few studies have investigated this at the individual species´ level when using a community approach. In this study, ¹⁵N incubation experiments were conducted to quantify inorganic (i.e. ammonium and nitrate) and organic (i.e. glutamine-N and ...
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Prioritizing strategies for wheat biofortification: Inspiration from underutilized species
(2023-10-05)
The relationship between malnutrition and climate change is still poorly understood but a comprehensive knowledge of their interactions is needed to address the global public health agenda. Limited studies have been conducted to propose robust and economic-friendly strategies to augment the food basket with underutilized species and biofortify the staples for nutritional security. Sea-buckthorn is a known “superfood” rich in vitamin C and iron content. It is found naturally in northern hemispherical temperate Eurasia ...
Aufsatz
Get the happiness out–An online experiment on the causal effects of positive emotions on giving
(2023-08-23)
Our study provides new evidence on the impact of positive emotions on voluntary contributions to public goods in a natural setting. Using a lab-in-field experiment, we induce positive incidental emotions randomly and analyze their effects on donations using a dictator game with multiple beneficiaries. Although we find no significant overall effect of positive incidental emotions on donation levels, our results show a significant shift in the allocation of donations towards the host charity. These findings shed light ...
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Wie kommen Tierlaute in einen Text?
(2023-08-07)
In der empirischen Tierforschung spielen Tierlaute eine entscheidende Rolle für die Zuschreibung geistiger Fähigkeiten. In diesem Zusammenhang werden die flüchtigen und einmaligen Lautereignisse tierlicher Vokalisation in wiederholt rezipierbare textuelle Zeichen transformiert und fixiert. Am Beispiel der Forschungen von Anne Marijke Schel et al. (2013a) zur Intentionalität von Schimpansen zeigt der Beitrag, wie die Sichtbarmachung von Lauten mit der Zuschreibung dieser geistigen Fähigkeiten einhergeht. Um dieses ...