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Actuation of an elastic membrane by the use of an electrorheological valve
(2021-01-25)
The dynamic response of a fluidic actuator is investigated on the basis of numerical simulations. With this actuator a membrane is excited to oscillate by means of an electrorheological valve. For this purpose the solid and fluid domains are coupled. Furthermore, the constitutive equation of the fluid is coupled to the electric field. The dynamic response is discussed on the example of a variable stiffness of the membrane. Actuators of this type offer the potential to delay the transition of a boundary layer.
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Efficient Solution of Distributed MIP in Control of Networked Systems
(2021-01-25)
Certain classes of optimization‐based control problems stated for networked systems involving hybrid dynamics and logical constraints can be cast into Mixed‐Integer Programming (MIP) problems. Since these belong to the complexity class NP‐hard, the motivation arises to find approximations of the optimal solution by distributed solution efficiently. For the cases that the cost functional is linear or quadratic and the constraints are linear, this paper proposes an alternative to the standard centralized schemes, by ...
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Social dynamics of values, taboos and perceived threats around sacred groves in Kurdistan, Iran
(2020-11-09)
1. Sacred groves are important for the conservation of biodiversity in the Middle East, as more formal approaches to protected areas have often failed in this global biodiversity hotspot.
2. This study aims to identify the most important social values, taboos and perceived threats around sacred groves in the Kurdistan province of Iran. We test whether values, taboos and perceived threats are lost in transmission across generations, with increased urbanisation, and with modernising livelihoods.
3. Our survey of 205 ...
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Simultaneous determination of Bingham material parameters using a ball probe concrete rheometer
(2021-01-25)
A new evaluation method allowing direct determination of the Bingham parameters from ball probe rheometers. A non‐linear relationship between the direct measured variables and the material parameters is revealed through numerical parameter studies. The method was validated on two devices of the ball probe type with different dimensions. Comparison with other methods showed good agreement. It is pointed out how the evaluation method can be transferred to devices having other dimensions by performing a limited number ...
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Damage modelling for the lifetime prediction of structural adhesive joints subjected to hygro‐thermo‐mechanical long‐term loading
(2021-01-25)
A damage model is presented for the lifetime prediction of structural adhesive joints under hygro‐thermo‐mechanical loading. The damage approach is applied through a cohesive zone model together with the concept of effective stress. It consists of a temperature‐dependent creep and hygro damage evolution due to mechanical loading and chemical aging, caused by the local water concentration. The creep damage part considers multiaxiality of the loading by an equivalent stress. The model parameters are identified by means ...
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How do consumers search for and process corporate social responsibility information on food companies’ websites?
(2019-01-03)
The importance of corporate social responsibility (CSR) communication for food companies has grown substantially ever since global action plans such as the UN Sustainable Development Goals have begun targeting topics which are highly relevant to food companies. Furthermore, various food scandals have caused consumers to question current food production methods, leading to a search for more information on ethical production methods. However, it is not known how consumers search for and process information on websites ...
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Human and farm influences on dairy cows' responsiveness towards humans - a cross-sectional study
(2018-12-31)
The human-animal relationship can have a major impact on cow welfare and stockpersons´ work safety and quality. This cross-sectional study investigated possible effects of stockperson and farm related factors on cows´ behaviour towards humans in different test situations on a range of farm types including farms with automatic milking system. On 32 dairy farms, cows´ avoidance distances (AD), tolerance to tactile interactions (TTI), behavioural reactions during and after release from restraint (RB) and expressive ...
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Amplified Spontaneous Emission in Paper
(2019-02-12)
Industrially produced copy paper is presented as a novel optical material for narrow-band stimulated emission. Fluorescent brightening agents (FBA) such as Calcofluor White provide enough gain to exceed the threshold for amplified spontaneous emission. By applying an additional dye such as Coumarin 307, or simply a highlighter pen, the emission line can be shifted from blue (~440 nm), towards turquoise (>480 nm), up to orange (590 nm) which can be useful for spectroscopic applications. These properties are demonstrated ...
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Chalcogen‐Transfer Rearrangement: Exploring Inter‐ versus Intramolecular P−P Bond Activation
(2020-07-17)
tert‐Butyl‐substituted diphospha[2]ferrocenophane has been used as a stereochemically confined diphosphane to explore the addition of O, S, Se and Te. Although the diphosphanylchalcogane has been obtained for tellurium, all other chalcogens give diphosphane monochalcogenides. The latter transform via chalcogen‐transfer rearrangement to the corresponding diphosphanylchalcoganes upon heating. The kinetics of this rearrangement has been followed with NMR spectroscopy supported by DFT calculations. Intermediates during ...
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Spontaneous inferential processing while reading interleaved expository texts enables learners to discover the underlying regularities
(2020-11-05)
Recent studies on text sequencing found learning advantages of interleaving over blocking in terms of high‐level inferences. We conducted a 2 × 2 × 2 mixed factorial experiment with college students (n = 117) by manipulating text sequence (interleaved vs. blocked) and self‐questioning activity while reading (spontaneous vs. prompted) between subjects and testing delay (immediately vs. 1‐week delay) within subjects. Results revealed that students are spontaneously engaged in self‐questioning and inferential processing ...