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Peak shaving at system level with a large district heating substation using deep learning forecasting models
(2024-05-20)
The decarbonisation of urban district heating (DH) systems requires increased heating grid flexibility. Therefore, this article examines the optimised operation of a tank thermal energy storage (TTES) on the secondary side of a new DH substation for an industrial site in a German city, in order to shave the peaks of the whole DH system and thus reduce the need for heat-only boilers (HOB). The accuracy of heat load and return temperature forecasts for both the industrial consumer and the DH grid is critical to the ...
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Selbstselektion beim Bezug des Betreuungsgeldes? Eine Analyse bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit von Müttern
(2020-04-04)
Zusammenfassung Das 2013 eingeführte und bereits zwei Jahre später wieder abgeschaffte bundesweite Betreuungsgeld gehörte zu den kontroversesten Themen der jüngeren deutschen Familienpolitik. Von Seiten politischer Akteure, die das Betreuungsgeld ablehnten, aber auch aus der Forschung wurde die Befürchtung geäußert, dass sich die Leistung negativ auf die Erwerbsbeteiligung von Müttern auswirke und eine traditionelle Aufteilung von bezahlter und unbezahlter Arbeit zwischen Müttern und Vätern befördere. Tatsächlich ...
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Wer kann, der coacht: Ein Instrument zur Messung interpersoneller Coach-Fähigkeiten
(2021-06-01)
Es wird ein aus der Psychotherapieforschung stammendes, an Coaching adaptiertes Ratingmanual zur Messung interpersoneller Fähigkeiten vorgestellt. Es wurden Ratings für 18 Audioaufnahmen von dyadischen Coachingsitzungen von neun Coaches-in-Weiterbildung erstellt, die zu Beginn der Weiterbildung und ein Jahr später durchgeführt wurden. Das interpersonelle Verhalten und die Entwicklung der Kompetenzen von zwei Coaches-in-Weiterbildung werden exemplarisch dargestellt. Die Autorinnen ziehen das Fazit, dass sich das ...
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Wie können Systeme künstlicher Intelligenz ohne Qualitätsverlust rechtsverträglich gestaltet werden?
(2020-03-03)
Künstliche intelligente (KI)-Systeme erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Im Alltag erleben wir KI beispielsweise durch smarte persönliche Assistenten (SPAs), welche von Amazon, Google und Co. angeboten werden. Zwar haben diese KI-Systeme große Nutzungspotenziale, gleichzeitig gehen damit aber auch erhebliche Risiken einher, beispielsweise datenschutzrechtliche. Doch wie lassen sich diese Spannungsfelder auflösen? Interdisziplinäre Gestaltungsmuster im Systementwicklungsprozess können eine Lösung darstellen, ...
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Phospholanes via Twofold C-H-Addition to Phospholes
(2024-05-23)
A synthetic route towards phospholanes via twofold C−H-addition of a DMSO molecule to β-H substituted phospholes is described. The resulting fused phospholane oxothiolane system in case of symmetric α-substitution possesses four stereogenic centers or rather six in case of asymmetric α-substitution. The reaction conditions are shown to be applicable for a variety of phospholes with different P- or α-substituents always leading to stereoselective formation of the fused heterocyclic ring system. All phospholane derivatives ...
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Determinants of success and constraints of integrated ridesharing in rural areas
(2021-09-01)
Ridesharing is often seen as a possibility to increase the mobility of citizens in rural areas, especially in connection with existing public transport. Two platforms were examined and evaluated in the research project “GetMobil”, which focuses on the barriers and potentials in relation to the effects achieved. This was done with several surveys, analysis of usage data and expert interviews. The research showed that one common feature of both platforms was the low number of successfully completed rides. The question ...
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Learning with a double-edged sword? beneficial and detrimental effects of learning tests—taking a first look at linkages among tests, later learning outcomes, stress perceptions, and intelligence
(2021-08-31)
It has often been shown that tests as intentionally hindered and difficult learning tasks increase long-term learning compared to easier tasks. Previous work additionally indicated that higher intelligence might serve as a prerequisite for such beneficial effects of tests. Nevertheless, despite their long-term learning effects, tests were also found to be evaluated as more negative and to lead to more stress and anxiety compared to easier control tasks. Stress and anxiety, in turn, often yield detrimental effects on ...
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Validation of cognitive load during inquiry-based learning with multimedia scaffolds using subjective measurement and eye movements
(2021-08-31)
Subject-method barriers and cognitive load (CL) of students have a particular importance in the complex learning process of scientific inquiry. In this work, we investigate the valid measurement of CL as well as different scaffolds to reduce it during experimentation. Specifically, we examine the validity of a subjective measurement instrument to assess CL [in extraneous cognitive load (ECL), intrinsic cognitive load, and germane cognitive load (GCL)] during the use of multimedia scaffolds in the planning phase of ...
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The Effect of Pre-Drying Treatment and Drying Conditions on Quality and Energy Consumption of Hot Air-Dried Celeriac Slices: Optimisation
(2021-07-29)
Celeriac is a good source of fibre, trace minerals, and phenolic compounds; it has a pleasant aroma but is a perishable material, prone to discolouration. This research investigated the optimisation of the quality and energy demand in hot-air dried celeriac slices. The experiment utilised the I-optimal design of response surface methodology with 30 experiment runs. Pre-drying treatments (blanching at 85 °C, three minutes; dipping in 1% citric acid solution, three minutes; no pre-drying treatment), drying temperatures ...
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Investigating Motivational and Cognitive Factors which Impact the Success of Engineering Students
(2021-02-06)
Engineering students particularly struggle with mathematics in the first year of their university studies. A result of these difficulties are high drop-out rates among the engineering students. There are various measures to support the students in their studies such as preparatory courses or bridging courses. The contribution of this research is to investigate the impact of certain factors on engineering students’ success in their first year of studies in a supportive environment which includes a preparatory course, ...