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Comment on ‘Kidron, G. J. (2018). Biocrust research: A critical view on eight common hydrological‐related paradigms and dubious theses. Ecohydrology, e2061’
(2020-06-24)
Kidron (2018) uses a straw man argument in an attempt to debunk eight putative hydrological‐related paradigms he believes to be “common among hydrologists, ecologists, or microbiologists that investigate biocrusts.” These paradigms relate to the roles of physical crusts and vascular plants in biocrust development, the major drivers (climate, porosity, hydrophobicity, and exopolysaccharides) of hydrology (infiltration and runoff), and the effect of mosses on hydrology and therefore vascular plants. We see two major ...
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Time Operator, Real Tunneling Time in Strong Field Interaction and the Attoclock
(2020-04-07)
Attosecond science, beyond its importance from application point of view, is of a fundamental interest in physics. The measurement of tunneling time in attosecond experiments offers a fruitful opportunity to understand the role of time in quantum mechanics. In the present work, we show that our real T-time relation derived in earlier works can be derived from an observable or a time operator, which obeys an ordinary commutation relation. Moreover, we show that our real T-time can also be constructed, inter alia, from ...
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Die Wahlmüdigkeit der Studierenden
(2020-09-05)
Die Wahlbeteiligung für die studentische Selbstverwaltung liegt meist knapp über zehn Prozent. Dies wird u. a. mit der großen Belastung durch das Studium erklärt und mit der Aussichts-losigkeit, gegen die Stimmen der Professorinnen und Professoren überhaupt etwas ausrichten zu können.
Aber sind Millionenbeträge für den Allgemeinen Studierenden-ausschuss (AStA) gerechtfertigt, wenn eine winzige Minderheit der Studierenden eine noch winzigere Zahl von politischen Aktivisten wählt, von denen dann gut die Hälfte, mehr ...
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Food System Outcomes: An Overview and the Contribution to Food Systems Transformation
(2020-09-24)
The interest in food system discourse has been increasing over time, however, the understanding of what makes a food system is still subject to variations depending on the research focus. While the earlier discourse was mainly value chain centered, the recent years have witnessed a shift in focus toward a more holistic view embracing the complex character of food systems. An indispensable component of the food systems approach are the food system outcomes that represent the results, or consequences, of the food system ...
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The potential of UAV-borne spectral and textural information for predicting aboveground biomass and N fixation in legume-grass mixtures
(2020-06-25)
Organic farmers, who rely on legumes as an external nitrogen (N) source, need a fast and easy on-the-go measurement technique to determine harvestable biomass and the amount of fixed N (NFix) for numerous farm management decisions. Especially clover- and lucerne-grass mixtures play an important role in the organic crop rotation under temperate European climate conditions. Multispectral sensors mounted on unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are new promising tools for a non-destructive assessment of crop and grassland ...
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The UK construction and facilities management sector's response to the Modern Slavery Act: An intra-industry initiative against modern slavery
(2020-12-02)
The United Kingdom's Modern Slavery Act exposed companies to a new ethical challenge in their supply chains. An estimated 40.3 million people worldwide are in modern slavery, working in a range of supply chains, including construction and facilities management. In this article, we show how the UK construction and facilities management sector responded to this challenge through an intra-industry initiative and went through a process of collaborative sense-making and sector-wide agreement on a joint approach to challenge ...
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Comparison Between Two Hydrodynamic Models in Simulating Physical Processes of a Reservoir with Complex Morphology: Maroon Reservoir
(2020-03-14)
Two 3D hydrodynamic models, AEM3D and MIKE3, are compared in simulating hydrodynamics of the Maroon Reservoir in southwest Iran. The reservoir has a complex bathymetry with steep walls, which makes it a good case for studying the performance of hydrodynamic models. The models were compared together and with measured water temperatures from different locations of the reservoir in a five-month period between December 2011 and April 2012. The results indicated that the AEM3D model, which uses a finite difference scheme ...
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Ammonium fertilization increases pearl millet yield by promoting early root growth, higher tillering, and water use during grain filling in a low P Sahelian soil
(2020-12-01)
Background: Adaptation of pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] to low soil phosphorus (P) at early seedling stages and efficient P fertilizer application are crucial for its survival in the West African Sahel. While addition of NH+4-N to P in the microdose technique has been reported to stimulate early growth of pearl millet, there is little information regarding root length (RL) at different timings.
Aims: Our study aimed at assessing the effects of added NH+4-N and NO−3-Nto P on (1) pearl millet agronomic ...
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Das Bestellerprinzip auf Wohnungs- und Immobilienmärkten – ist gut gemeint auch gut?
(2020-09-24)
Mit der Implementierung des Bestellerprinzips – wer den Makler beauftragt, muss ihn auch bezahlen – hat der Gesetzgeber einen Wechsel der Zahllast für die Courtage vom Mieter zum Vermieter vorgenommen. Mit Hilfe eines sequentiellen Verhandlungsspiels wird hier diskutiert, inwieweit der Wechsel der Zahllast mit einer Veränderung der ökonomischen Traglast einhergeht. Es wird gezeigt, dass für plausible Parameterkonstellationen (i) die Makler verlieren in Form einer sinkenden Courtage, (ii) die Mieter gewinnen trotz ...
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Wie können Systeme künstlicher Intelligenz ohne Qualitätsverlust rechtsverträglich gestaltet werden?
(2020-03-03)
Künstliche intelligente (KI)-Systeme erfreuen sich immer größerer Beliebtheit. Im Alltag erleben wir KI beispielsweise durch smarte persönliche Assistenten (SPAs), welche von Amazon, Google und Co. angeboten werden. Zwar haben diese KI-Systeme große Nutzungspotenziale, gleichzeitig gehen damit aber auch erhebliche Risiken einher, beispielsweise datenschutzrechtliche. Doch wie lassen sich diese Spannungsfelder auflösen? Interdisziplinäre Gestaltungsmuster im Systementwicklungsprozess können eine Lösung darstellen, ...