Suche
Anzeige der Dokumente 61-70 von 229
Aufsatz
Extended life cycle assessment reveals the spatially-explicit water scarcity footprint of a lithium-ion battery storage
(2021-01-12)
The life cycle water scarcity footprint is a tool to evaluate anthropogenic contributions to regional water scarcity along global supply chains. Here, we complement it by a classification of the risk from human water use, a comprehensive conceptualisation of water use and a spatially-explicit impact assessment to a midpoint approach that assesses the risk of on-site and remote freshwater scarcity. For a 2 MWh Lithium-ion battery storage, the quantitative Water Scarcity Footprint, comprising physically used water, ...
Aufsatz
N-tert-Alkyl-Substituted N-Heterocyclic Carbenes with a 1,1’-Ferrocenediyl Backbone
(2021-12-14)
1,1’-Diaminoferrocene (1) was converted to α-aminonitriles fc[NHC(CN)MeR’]₂ (fc=1,1’-ferrocenediyl; 2 a: R’=Me, 2 b: R’=Ph, 2 c: R’=tBu) by reaction with ketones MeC(O)R’ in the presence of NaCN/HOAc or to the diimine fc(N=CPh₂)₂ (3) by condensation with Ph₂CO. Treatment of 2 a–c or 3 with MeLi furnished fc(NHR)₂ (4 a: R=tBu, 4 b: R=CMe₂Ph, 4 c: R=CMe₂tBu, 4 d: R=CMePh₂) after aqueous work-up. The formylative cyclisation of 4 a–d to fc[(NR)₂CH][BF₄] (5H[BF₄]) was possible only for R=CMe₃ (a) and CMe₂Ph (b). The ...
Aufsatz
Modelling stress‐state dependent nonlocal damage and failure of ductile metals
(2021-01-25)
Damage and failure of ductile metals is highly influenced by the stress state. In fact, void growth takes place under hydrostatic tensile loading and void coalescence leads eventually to ductile failure. A completely different damage mechanism occurs for shear dominated loading that results in void elongation within a narrow shear band. In order to account for both failure mechanisms, a stress state dependent damage model is proposed. The model is based on a continuum damage mechanics approach, whereby nonlinear ...
Aufsatz
Flow and fiber orientation of fresh fiber reinforced concrete
(2021-12-14)
The orientation of the fibers in UHPC is decisive for the tensile strength and failure of the components. The mold filling strategy during casting of structural components dictates the flow routing and thus the fiber orientation. In addition, the orientation of the fibers also affects the flow behavior of the suspension. In measurements of rheological properties in concrete rheometers, strongly scattering measurements often occur. In this paper, a novel fiber orientation model for viscoplastic fluids is investigated ...
Aufsatz
Exploring external factors affecting the intention-behavior gap when trying to adopt a sustainable diet: a think aloud study
(2021-02-19)
Not least from an ecological and health perspective, it can be posited that a broader part of consumers should practice sustainable diets. People who are already willing to do so are often confronted with the intention-behavior gap, caused by a range of internal and external factors. To eliminate these barriers requires a deeper and more comprehensive understanding of these factors and their interplay. Therefore, a think aloud study with 20 adult German participants was conducted to explore the four chosen external ...
Aufsatz
Automatic Assessment of Keel Bone Damage in Laying Hens at the Slaughter Line
(2021-01-12)
Simple Summary
Keel bone damage (KBD) is very prevalent in commercial laying hen flocks with a wide range of affected hens/flock. It can cause pain, and affected hens have been found to be less mobile. The assessment of this animal welfare indicator provides important feedback for the farmer about flock health and consequently on the need for interventions. However, the assessment of keel bone damage is time-consuming, and prior training is needed in order to gain reliable results. Optical detection methods can be ...
Aufsatz
Suitability of Slower Growing Commercial Turkey Strains for Organic Husbandry in Terms of Animal Welfare and Performance
(2021-01-06)
Intensive turkey production with fast growing strains is often critically discussed regarding animal welfare problems. Studies evaluating the welfare status of both organic and less intensive selected turkey strains are limited, except in the slightly slower growing Kelly Broad Breast Bronze (Kelly). The aim of this study was to assess the welfare of turkeys from two strains with further decreased growth rate, Hockenhull Large Bronze (HoBr) and Hockenhull Black (HoBl), in comparison to Kelly under commercial organic ...
Aufsatz
A Novel Real Time PCR Method for the Detection and Quantification of Didymella pinodella in Symptomatic and Asymptomatic Plant Hosts
(2021-12-31)
Didymella pinodella is the major pathogen of the pea root rot complex in Europe. This wide host range pathogen often asymptomatically colonizes its hosts, making the control strategies challenging. We developed a real-time PCR assay for the detection and quantification of D. pinodella based on the TEF-1 alpha gene sequence alignments. The assay was tested for specificity on a 54-isolate panel representing 35 fungal species and further validated in symptomatic and asymptomatic pea and wheat roots from greenhouse tests. ...
Aufsatz
Effects of mucilage concentration at different water contents on mechanical stability and elasticity in a loamy and a sandy soil
(2021-10-26)
Mucilage released by plant roots affects hydrological and mechanical properties of the rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to disentangle the effects of the factors mucilage and soil moisture on a range of soil mechanical parameters in a sand and a loam. Both substrates were homogenised and filled into cylinders at bulk densities (ρb) of 1.26 and 1.47 g cm−³ for loam and sand, respectively. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) mucilage concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 g dry mucilage kg−¹ dry soil were tested at ...
Aufsatz
The effect of biodynamic preparations on growth and fruit quality of giant pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima D.)
(2021-11-25)
Background
Food quality of agricultural crops depends on environmental conditions, production system and cultivation method. A plant-based nutrition with food rich in vitamins, minerals and secondary plant compounds with antioxidative properties promotes human health. This investigation was inspired by an increasing global issue on how to improve product quality while using alternative preparations. The main aim of a 3-year study was to investigate the influence of fermented manure and silica products on yield and ...