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Aufsatz
Sphaeropsis sapinea and fungal endophyte diversity in twigs of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) in Germany
(2020-09-03)
Sphaeropsis sapinea is the causal fungal agent of Diplodia tip blight disease of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) and other coniferous trees of relevance to forestry in Germany. In this study, the distribution and occurrence of S. sapinea and accompanying endophytic fungi in twigs of healthy and diseased Scots pine was investigated on a spatial and temporal scale. Sampling of 26,000 twig segments from trees in 105 temperate coniferous forest stands in Germany resulted in isolation of 33,000 endophytic fungi consisting ...
Aufsatz
Impact of Process Parameters and Bulk Properties on Quality of Dried Hops
(2020-11-20)
Hops are critical to the brewing industry. In commercial hop drying, a large bulk of hops is dried in multistage kilns for several hours. This affects the drying behavior and alters the amount and chemical composition of the hop oils. To understand these changes, hops of the var. Hallertauer Tradition were dried in bulks of 15, 25 and 35 kg/m² at 60 °C and 0.35 m/s. Additionally, bulks of 25 kg/m² were also dried at 65 °C and 0.45 m/s to assess the effect of change in temperature and velocity, respectively. The results ...
Aufsatz
Cyclic nucleotide-dependent ionic currents in olfactory receptor neurons of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta suggest pull–push sensitivity modulation
(2021-06-14)
Olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) of the hawkmoth Manduca sexta sensitize via cAMP- and adapt via cGMP-dependent mechanisms. Perforated patch clamp recordings distinguished 11 currents in these ORNs. Derivatives of cAMP and/or cGMP antagonistically affected three of five K+ currents and two non-specific cation currents. The Ca2+-dependent K+ current IK(Ca2+) and the sensitive pheromone-dependent K+ current IK(cGMP−), which both express fast kinetics, were inhibited by 8bcGMP, while a slow K+ current, IK(cGMP+), was ...
Aufsatz
Organization of the central nervous system and innervation of cephalic sensory structures in the water bear Echiniscus testudo (Tardigrada: Heterotardigrada) revisited
(2021-06-15)
The tardigrade brain has been the topic of several neuroanatomical studies, as it is key to understanding the evolution of the central nervous systems in Panarthropoda (Tardigrada + Onychophora + Arthropoda). The gross morphology of the brain seems to be well conserved across tardigrades despite often disparate morphologies of their heads and cephalic sensory structures. As such, the general shape of the brain and its major connections to the rest of the central nervous system have been mapped out already by early ...
Aufsatz
Transcriptomic, peptidomic, and mass spectrometry imaging analysis of the brain in the ant Cataglyphis nodus
(2021-03-11)
Behavioral flexibility is an important cornerstone for the ecological success of animals. Social Cataglyphis nodus ants with their age-related polyethism characterized by age-related behavioral phenotypes represent a prime example for behavioral flexibility. We propose neuropeptides as powerful candidates for the flexible modulation of age-related behavioral transitions in individual ants. As the neuropeptidome of C. nodus was unknown, we collected a comprehensive peptidomic data set obtained by transcriptome analysis ...
Aufsatz
Phospholipids containing ether-bound hydrocarbon-chains are essential for efficient phagocytosis and neutral lipids of the ester-type perturb development in Dictyostelium
(2020-07-16)
Lipids are the building blocks for cellular membranes; they provide signalling molecules for membrane dynamics and serve as energy stores. One path of their synthesis is initiated by glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT), which in Dictyostelium resides on the endoplasmic reticulum. When an excess of fatty acids is present, it redistributes to storage organelles, the lipid droplets. Mutants, where the GPAT was eliminated by homologous recombination, produce fewer lipid droplets and are almost devoid of ...
Aufsatz
Wet sieving versus dry crushing: Soil microaggregates reveal different physical structure, bacterial diversity and organic matter composition in a clay gradient
(2020-06-18)
Soil microaggregates contain particles of different sizes, which may affect their potential to store organic carbon (OC). A variety of methods can be used to isolate microaggregates from the larger soil structures, among which wet sieving approaches are widely employed. We developed a novel dry crushing method that isolates microaggregates along failure planes due to mechanical stresses rather than hydraulic pressures and compared the mechanical stability, OC contents and microbial community composition between ...
Aufsatz
Binding of the Human 14-3-3 Isoforms to Distinct Sites in the Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2
(2020-04-07)
Proteins of the 14-3-3 family are well known modulators of the leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) regulating kinase activity, cellular localization, and ubiquitylation. Although binding between those proteins has been investigated, a comparative study of all human 14-3-3 isoforms interacting with LRRK2 is lacking so far. In a comprehensive approach, we quantitatively analyzed the interaction between the seven human 14-3-3 isoforms and LRRK2-derived peptides covering both, reported and putative 14-3-3 binding sites. ...
Aufsatz
New species and a new record of Phylloporia from Benin
(2021-04-23)
Species of the wood-decay genus Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) are widely distributed in the tropics. Phylloporia species are, however, morphologically and ecologically diverse, which makes morphology-based species identification challenging. In this study, we re-examined species of Phylloporia reported from Benin (West Africa). Using an integrative approach combining morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic analyses, we describe Phylloporia beninensis sp. nov. and report Phylloporia ...
Aufsatz
The impact of livestock grazing and canopy gaps on species pool and functional diversity of ground flora in the Caspian beech forests of Iran
(2021-06-05)
Questions
Livestock grazing is an important disturbance in many forest ecosystems. While several studies have addressed the general impact of different grazing and light intensities on temperate forest ecosystems, little is known about how the combination of these two factors can affect the species pool and functional diversity of temperate forests.
Location
Oriental beech forests of northern Iran.
Methods
Vegetation and environmental data of 104 relevés were collected. These were assigned to four groups based ...