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An Experimental Investigation into ‘Pledge and Review’ in Climate Negotiations
(Springer Netherlands, 2016-06-06)
A novelty of the new Paris Agreement is the inclusion of a process for assessment and review of countries’ nationally determined pledges and contributions. The intent is to reveal whether similar countries are making comparable pledges, whether the totality of such pledges will achieve the global goal, and whether, over the coming years, the contributions actually made by countries will equal or exceed their pledges. The intent is also to provide an opportunity for countries to express their approval, or disapproval, ...
Aufsatz
Trust
(2016-10)
Trust is the enabler of social interaction. Although the origins of research on trust traditionally lie outside the Information Systems (IS) domain, the importance of trust for IS research rapidly grew in the late 1990s, and it is still growing with the increasing ubiquity and advancement of technology in organizations, virtual teams, online markets, and user-technology interactions. Theoretically, the central role of trust is tied to the growing social change that Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has ...
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Mixed-mode crack tip loading and crack deflection in 1D quasicrystals
(2016)
Quasicrystals (QC) are a new class of materials besides crystals and amorphous solids and have aroused much attention of researchers since they were discovered. This paper presents a generalized fracture theory including the J-integral and crack closure integrals, relations between J1, J2 and the stress intensity factors as well as the implementation of the near-tip stress and displacement solutions of 1D QC. Different crack deflection criteria, i.e. the J-integral and maximum circumferential stress criteria, are ...
Aufsatz
Constitutive modeling of nonlinear reversible and irreversible ferromagnetic behaviors and application to multiferroic composites
(2016-03-10)
The coupling of magnetic and mechanical fields due to the constitutive behavior of a material is commonly denoted as magnetostrictive effect. The latter is only observed with large coupling coefficients in ferromagnetic materials, where coupling is caused by the rotation of the domains as a result of magnetic (Joule effect) or mechanical (Villari effect) loads.
However, only a few elements (e.g. Fe, Ni, Co, and Mn) and their compositions exhibit such a behavior. In this article, the constitutive modeling of nonlinear ...
Aufsatz
Energy Efficiency Measures for Batch Retort Sterilization in the Food Processing Industry
(2016)
The purpose of this study is to highlight the energy saving potentials of a batch retort sterilization process operated by steam and to develop concepts for improving its energy efficiency. By using the methodical approach of the Onion Diagram and the recovery of low grade heat sources, four comprehensive improved energy efficiency concepts have been developed. Two concepts increase the initial product temperature resulting in lower transient steam consumption rates and a decreased energy demand. The other two options ...
Aufsatz
Ensuring community and agricultural resiliency to climate change: Ceremonial practices as emic adaptive strategies
(Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture at the University of Kassel, Germany and Federation of German Scientists (VDW), 2016-12-23)
This paper is an analysis of emic versus etic approaches to climate change resiliency, taking as a case study the traditional ceremony performed by farmers in eastern Flores, Indonesia to rid their fields of rats. This paper begins by providing a theoretical framework discussion on the dominant etic and emic academic research on monsoons and climate change impacts on agriculture. The rat ceremony performed in villages throughout East Flores is a local custom used to rid agricultural fields of pests—often rats—that ...
Aufsatz
Assessing the impact of agricultural drought on maize prices in Kenya with the approach of the SPOT-VEGETATION NDVI remote sensing
(Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture at the University of Kassel, Germany and Federation of German Scientists (VDW), 2016-12-23)
The high cost of maize in Kenya is basically driven by East African regional commodity demand forces and agricultural drought. The production of maize, which is a common staple food in Kenya, is greatly affected by agricultural drought. However, calculations of drought risk and impact on maize production in Kenya is limited by the scarcity of reliable rainfall data. The objective of this study was to apply a novel hyperspectral remote sensing method to modelling temporal fluctuations of maize production and prices ...
Aufsatz
Role of microfinance to support agricultural climate change adaptations in Indonesia: Encouraging private sector participation in climate finance
(Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture at the University of Kassel, Germany and Federation of German Scientists (VDW), 2016-12-23)
The demands of mitigation and adaptation policies are important to understanding a country’s climate change preparation by providing microfinance in the agricultural sector. This could be seen as a strategy to fight against the challenges of future food security. In 2014, Indonesia established climate change adaptation policies. This legislation aims to pave the way for making actions on climate change adaptation mainstream in national and local development planning. Public and private finance have supported the ...
Aufsatz
Debating food production at dinner time: Mainstream audiences are invited to debate the ethics of agricultural practices in Brazil
(Department of Organic Food Quality and Food Culture at the University of Kassel, Germany and Federation of German Scientists (VDW), 2016-12-23)
In the rural areas of Brazil, a farmer runs his agricultural empire with a fierce hand: he exploits his workers and the land to their limits. Lack of sustainable land management leads to the pollution of rivers, changes in rain patterns, and exhaustion of the soil.