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Aufsatz
Equivalence of Reading and Listening Comprehension Across Test Media
(2011-09-28)
Whether an ability test delivered on either paper or computer provides the same information is an important question in applied psychometrics. Besides the validity, it is also the fairness of a measure that is at stake if the test medium affects performance. This study provides a comprehensive review of existing equivalence research in the field of reading and listening comprehension in English as a foreign language and specifies factors that are likely to have an impact on equivalence. Taking into account these ...
Aufsatz
Social Loafing in the Refugee Crisis: Information about Existing Initiatives Decreases Willingness to Help
(2017-05-11)
In light of the European refugee situation, we investigate how information about others’ support influences individuals’ willingness to help. When individuals see information about other people supporting refugees, they may either be influenced by a descriptive norm, and act accordingly. Alternatively, they may perceive that others are already doing the job, and thus engage in social loafing. In an experiment (N = 132), we tested these competing predictions. Specifically, participants were exposed to a map of Germany ...
Aufsatz
Distributing mathematical practice of third and seventh graders: Applicability of the spacing effect in the classroom
(2018-10-23)
We examined the effect of distributed practice on the mathematical performance of third and seventh graders (N = 213) in school. Students first received an introduction to a mathematical topic, derived from their curriculum. Thereafter, they practiced in one of two conditions. In the massed condition, they worked on three practice sets in 1 day. In the distributed condition, they worked on one practice set per day for 3 consecutive days. Bayesian analyses of the performance in two follow‐up tests 1 and 6 weeks after ...
Dissertation
Negative effects for coaching clients and coaches and implications for their prevention
(2018-02-28)
This dissertation is a thesis by publication, which is based on four studies. The results have been published in international peer-reviewed journals or are submitted for publication. This work introduces the overarching background and goals of this dissertation, its core findings, and how they contribute to the dissertation goals. The full-length manuscripts are presented in the end.
Background: Coaching researchers and practitioners alike call for the need of evidence-based coaching. However, evidence-based coaching ...
Aufsatz
The Positive Facet of Self-compassion Predicts Self-reported Use of and Attitudes toward Desirable Difficulties in Learning
(2017-08-09)
Previous research found that introducing difficulties and challenges during learning has desirable outcomes. With the present work, we investigated the question how the use of and the attitudes toward such learning strategies (so-called desirable difficulties) are related to self-compassion, a concept that describes the tendency to be understanding and kind to oneself when confronted with negative experiences. Evidence suggests self-compassion to be linked to less fear of failing, and further to higher control beliefs ...
Aufsatz
The Dark Triad and the PID-5 Maladaptive Personality Traits: Accuracy, Confidence and Response Bias in Judgments of Veracity
(2017-09-21)
The Dark Triad traits—narcissism, Machiavellianism and psychopathy—have been found to be associated with intra- or interpersonal deception production frequency. This cross-sectional study (N = 207) investigated if the Dark Triad traits are also associated with deception detection accuracy, as implicated by the recent conception of a deception-general ability. To investigate associations between maladaptive personality space and deception, the PID-5 maladaptive personality traits were included to investigate if besides ...
Aufsatz
Meta-Heuristics in Short Scale Construction: Ant Colony Optimization and Genetic Algorithm
(2016-11-28)
The advent of large-scale assessment, but also the more frequent use of longitudinal and multivariate approaches to measurement in psychological, educational, and sociological research, caused an increased demand for psychometrically sound short scales. Shortening scales economizes on valuable administration time, but might result in inadequate measures because reducing an item set could: a) change the internal structure of the measure, b) result in poorer reliability and measurement precision, c) deliver measures ...
Buch
III. Abteilung: Ausbau und Differenzierung der Sozialpolitik seit Beginn des Neuen Kurses (1890-1904) Band 7: Armenpflege und kommunale Wohlfahrtspolitik
(Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur | Mainz, 2016)
Die Städte bildeten im Kaiserreich eine eigene Ebene der Sozialstaatlichkeit. Der Kern städtischer Daseinsvorsorge lag in der alten Armenpflege, die für die elementaren Lebensbedürfnisse der in materielle Not Geratenen zu sorgen hatte. Um die Armenpflege herum legte sich in den großen Städten seit den 1890er Jahren zunehmend ein Kranz von Einrichtungen und Maßnahmen, die über die unmittelbare materielle Hilfe für die Armen hinaus auf die Versorgung der minderbemittelten Schichten mit den sozialen Gütern Arbeit, ...
Buch
III. Abteilung: Ausbau und Differenzierung der Sozialpolitik seit Beginn des Neuen Kurses (1890-1904) Band 5: Die gesetzliche Krankenversicherung
(Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur | Mainz, 2012)
Die Gesetzesnovelle vom 10. April 1892 änderte das Krankenversicherungsgesetz vom 15. Juni 1883 in erheblichem Maße ab. Die wichtigste Folge dieser Reform war, dass die Stellung der gesetzlichen Krankenkassen gestärkt wurde. Die sozialdemokratisch-freigewerkschaftlichen Arbeiter begannen in der Selbstverwaltung der Ortskrankenkassen zu wirken.
Der Band dokumentiert den Ausbau der Kasseneinrichtungen und Kassenleistungen, die Gründung der Kassenverbände sowie die organisierten Auseinandersetzungen mit Ärzten und ...
Buch
III. Abteilung: Ausbau und Differenzierung der Sozialpolitik seit Beginn des Neuen Kurses (1890-1904) Band 1: Grundfragen der Sozialpolitik
(Akademie der Wissenschaften und der Literatur | Mainz, 2016)
Die Februarerlasse Kaiser Wilhelms II. von 1890 brachten – eng verknüpft mit der Entlassungskrise Bismarcks – eine vorübergehende Phase sozialpolitischer Aktivitäten, wie die Internationale Arbeiterschutzkonferenz, die in diesem Band dokumentiert werden.
Mit dem Inkrafttreten des Invaliditäts- und Altersversicherungsgesetzes war 1891 der organisatorische Aufbau der Arbeiterversicherung zunächst abgeschlossen. Programmatische Schlüsseldokumente zur Lösung der sozialen Frage als Ganzes entstanden nun kaum noch, dagegen ...