Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are environmentally ubiquitous, anthropogenic substances with adverse effects on organisms, which shows the need to study their environmental fate and leaching behavior. In the present soil columns study, the leaching behavior and fate of nontransformable and transformable (precursors) were investigated. Ten nontransformable PFAS in two different soils, two precursors and two field soils, which were already contaminated with a mixture of PFAS, and two uncontaminated controls, ...

Physically based models have been part of many risk assessment studies concerning pesticide or nutrient transport within (sub)catchments or at plot scale, but they are only poorly validated for simulating the transport of veterinary medicinal products. Veterinary medicinal products not only pose a risk to the quality of our waters but also tend to accumulate in soils, where they are associated with the appearance of resistant bacteria and long-term leaching. In this study, the physically based leaching model MACRO ...

The experimental interfacial tension measurements of galinstan as a function of applied DC voltages are presented. The measurements are based on a tailored, modified pendent drop setup to make it suitable for this experiment. The findings rationalise Galinstan corresponding to Marangoni flow that actuates under the influence of a change in interfacial tension, resulting from applied voltages. Galinstan is substantiated as an actuation medium to enable ON or OFF states by using a very low applied voltage (∼ 0.8V). The ...

For different metals and varying geometries, this paper presents simulations of electrostatically actuated MEMS cantilevers regarding their influence on pull-in voltage and actuation speed. Three-dimensional electromechanical modeling including many non-linearities has been performed to study some static but mainly dynamic features. The results show that the involved parameters have different influences on the actuation speed and pull-in voltage: lower length, higher thickness as well as lower density and higher ...

Most recipients of doctorates leave universities some years after graduation, while little is known about their future non-academic career prospects. I report results from a novel microlevel database that links information about doctoral dissertations completed in Germany with doctorate recipients’ social security records. The results, based on graduates’ individual careers for five broader subject groups, indicate that postdoctoral periods do not result in a wage premium when changing to the non-academic sector.

Despite evidence that the gender gap in the labour market favours men, aggregate findings from correspondence studies show that women are more likely than men to be invited for a job interview. We hypothesize that the predominance of women among recruiters may explain this somewhat puzzling finding; recruiters may favour applicants of their own gender. We use the data from a large-scale correspondence study to test this hypothesis. As expected, we find that female applicants are more likely to receive callbacks for ...

The role of interatomic and intermolecular energy and charge-transfer processes in weakly bound matter is currently lively debated due to emerging destructive low-energy electrons and radicals. Here, we discuss two mechanisms of single-photon two-site double ionization occurring competitively or subsequently to resonant interatomic Coulombic decay (rICD) in inner-valence (2s→np) excited Ne dimers and clusters. The first mechanism is photoelectron-impact ionization which is, in general, not related to resonant excitation, ...

This paper presents a piece-wise linear cat map (PWLCM) obtained by perturbing the conventional quantized Arnold cat map (QACM) with a nonlinear term. The effect of the nonlinear term on the dynamics of the QACM is investigated. We show that the eigenvalues, hence the Lyapunov exponents of the PWLCM depend on the initial conditions, which is not the case for the QACM. As a result, the proposed PWLCM is a generalized form of the QACM, whose the period exponentially increases with respect to the precision, thus taking ...

High crop production with limited energy resources is always the priority area of developing countries. Conventional agricultural experimenting and crop production methods are time-consuming, challenging, laborious, and energy intensive. Various developments and experimental studies have been carried out for advancement in agriculture technologies. This study is mainly focused on the design and development of a unique high-efficiency seed drill machine to increase the energy efficiency of agricultural experiments, ...

Wiederholt war die elektronische Gesundheitskarte (eGK) Gegenstand von Gerichtsverfahren. Speziell die gesetzlich normierte Pflicht zur Beibringung eines aktuellen Lichtbildes zum Schutz vor Verwechslungen und Missbrauch und damit der unberechtigten Inanspruchnahme von Leistungen ist regelmäßig Anlass zur Klage. Bereits mehrmals entschied das BSG, dass die verpflichtende Aufnahme eines Lichtbilds eines Versicherten auf der eGK rechtmäßig sei. Ende 2021 (Az. L 4 KR 651/19) hat das LSG Bayern diese Rechtsauffassung ...