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An Overview of the Use of Genotyping Techniques for Assessing Genetic Diversity in Local Farm Animal Breeds
(2021-07-06)
The number of local farm animal breeds is declining worldwide. However, these breeds have different degrees of genetic diversity. Measuring genetic diversity is important for the development of conservation strategies and, therefore, various genomic analysis techniques are available. The aim of the present work was to shed light on the use of these techniques in diversity studies of local breeds. In summary, a total of 133 worldwide studies that examined genetic diversity in local cattle, sheep, goat, chicken and pig ...
Aufsatz
Genetic diversity and differentiation of Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G.Don) Cif. in the Hajar Mountains of Oman
(2020-10-04)
Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata (Wall. & G. Don) Cif. is one of the six subspecies important for domestication of olive described as having valuable breeding traits. It is distributed from South Africa to the Middle East and the Mediterranean region to China mainly at mid to high altitudes with adequate precipitation. The currently rather fragmented Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata populations likely represent outposts of a formerly larger and more connected area and are hence vulnerable to additional stresses such as ...
Aufsatz
New species and a new record of Phylloporia from Benin
(2021-04-23)
Species of the wood-decay genus Phylloporia (Hymenochaetaceae, Hymenochaetales, Basidiomycota) are widely distributed in the tropics. Phylloporia species are, however, morphologically and ecologically diverse, which makes morphology-based species identification challenging. In this study, we re-examined species of Phylloporia reported from Benin (West Africa). Using an integrative approach combining morphology, ecology, and phylogenetic analyses, we describe Phylloporia beninensis sp. nov. and report Phylloporia ...
Aufsatz
Carbon use efficiency and microbial functional diversity in a temperate Luvisol and a tropical Nitisol after millet litter and N addition
(2020-07-10)
Tropical soils often contain less soil organic C (SOC) and microbial biomass C (MBC) than temperate soils and, thus, exhibit lower soil fertility. The addition of plant residues and N fertilizers can improve soil fertility, which might be reflected by microbial C use efficiency (CUE) and functional diversity. A 42-day incubation study was carried out, adding leaf litter of the C4 plant finger millet (Eleusine coracana Gaertn.) and inorganic 15N fertilizer. The aim was to investigate amendment effects on CUE and ...
Aufsatz
Induction of protein aggregation and starvation response by tRNA modification defects
(2020-08-29)
Posttranscriptional modifications of anticodon loops contribute to the decoding efficiency of tRNAs by supporting codon recognition and loop stability. Consistently, strong synthetic growth defects are observed in yeast strains simultaneously lacking distinct anticodon loop modifications. These phenotypes are accompanied by translational inefficiency of certain mRNAs and disturbed protein homeostasis resulting in accumulation of protein aggregates. Different combinations of anticodon loop modification defects were ...
Aufsatz
Nitrogen turnover in a repeatedly manured arid subtropical soil: Incubation studies with 15N isotopes
(2019-07-23)
Under the hot and moist conditions of irrigated agriculture in the arid subtropics, turnover of organic matter is high, which can lead to considerable carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) losses. Therefore, sustainable use of these soils requires regular manure application at high rates. To investigate the contribution of consecutive manure applications to an arid sandy soil to various soil N pools, goat manure was isotopically labeled by feeding 15N‐enriched Rhodes grass hay and applied to the soil during a two‐year field ...
Aufsatz
Cellular morphology of leg musculature in the water bear Hypsibius exemplaris (Tardigrada) unravels serial homologies
(2019-10-16)
Tardigrades (water bears) are microscopic, segmented ecdysozoans with four pairs of legs. Lobopodous limbs that are similar to those seen in tardigrades are hypothesized to represent the ancestral state of Panarthropoda (Tardigrada + Onychophora + Arthropoda), and their evolutionary history is important to our understanding of ecdysozoan evolution. Equally important is our understanding of the functional morphology of these legs, which requires knowledge of their musculature. Tardigrade musculature is well documented ...
Aufsatz
Effects of mucilage concentration at different water contents on mechanical stability and elasticity in a loamy and a sandy soil
(2021-10-26)
Mucilage released by plant roots affects hydrological and mechanical properties of the rhizosphere. The aim of this study was to disentangle the effects of the factors mucilage and soil moisture on a range of soil mechanical parameters in a sand and a loam. Both substrates were homogenised and filled into cylinders at bulk densities (ρb) of 1.26 and 1.47 g cm−³ for loam and sand, respectively. Chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) mucilage concentrations of 0, 0.02, 0.2 and 2 g dry mucilage kg−¹ dry soil were tested at ...
Aufsatz
Signaling of Pigment-Dispersing Factor (PDF) in the Madeira Cockroach Rhyparobia maderae
(2014)
The insect neuropeptide pigment-dispersing factor (PDF) is a functional ortholog of vasoactive intestinal polypeptide, the coupling factor of the mammalian circadian pacemaker. Despite of PDF's importance for synchronized circadian locomotor activity rhythms its signaling is not well understood. We studied PDF signaling in primary cell cultures of the accessory medulla, the circadian pacemaker of the Madeira cockroach. In Ca2+ imaging studies four types of PDF-responses were distinguished. In regularly bursting type ...
Aufsatz
Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 Requires the Bidirectional Hydrogenase to Metabolize Glucose and Arginine Under Oxic Conditions
(2022-05-31)
The cyanobacterium Synechocystis sp.PCC 6803 possesses a bidirectional NiFe-hydrogenase, HoxEFUYH. It functions to produce hydrogen under dark, fermentative conditions and photoproduces hydrogen when dark-adapted cells are illuminated. Unexpectedly, we found that the deletion of the large subunit of the hydrogenase (HoxH) in Synechocystis leads to an inability to grow on arginine and glucose under continuous light in the presence of oxygen. This is surprising, as the hydrogenase is an oxygen-sensitive enzyme. In ...